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Effect of distance from the plant on the intensity of interaction between plants and soil
Skydaniuk, Liudmyla ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
The concept of plant-soil feedback is increasingly used to explain plant-community interactions. As plants grow, they change the conditions in the surrounding soil environment. These soil changes affect further plant growth. We call this effect plant-soil feedback (PSF). The effect of PSF is typically studied directly in the place where the plant grows. How far from the plant this effect can be, however, is little explored, but this knowledge is important for understanding the structure of plant communities. The main goal of thesis was to investigate the effects of the distance from the plant on the intensity of intraspecific and interspecific feedback between the plant and the soil. The research was conducted using a classic, two-phase experiment. Four species were selected for the research, forming two pairs of one grass and one broad-leaved herb each time. The first pair were Bromus erectus and Inula salicina occurring naturally on dry lawns in northern Bohemia. The second pair were Calamagrostis epigeios and Daucus carota, occurring on lignite dumps in Sokolovsk. The species were cultivated during the cultivation phase in the soil of their origin, it means the soil of the dry lawn of northern Bohemia or the Sokolovsk dump, either each species of the pair was cultivated separately or both...
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Biotic and abiotic components of soil in plant-soil feedback of invasive and native plant species
Drtinová, Lucie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is a mechanism which may contribute to the success of invasive plant species. Which of the soil components have the greatest impact on PSF? In a two-phase experiment, I observed changes in germination and growth of plants in reaction to intraspecific plant cultivation: selected plant species were grown in substrate consisting of cultivated or uncultivated soil, containing different composition and amounts of soil biota. The effect of changes in abiotic and biotic components of the soil was then assessed and compared among pairs of closely related invasive and native plant species. The main observed phenomenon was species-specificity of plant responses to changed soil conditions. The cultivation-induced changes in soil composition affected germination and biomass of the test plants positively, negatively, or were neutral, their effect differed between tested species - some of the observed species were more affected by changes in abiotic properties of the soil, some reacted to changes in soil biota composition. Nevertheless, the composition of soil biota affected germination and biomass of plants even regardless of cultivation: the presence of all biotic components of the soil had negative effect on biomass - with growing representation and amount of pathogens, fungi, micro-...
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Effect of drought on plant-soil interactions
Secká, Gabriela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Florianová, Anna (referee)
There are feedback processes happening between plants and the soil, called plant-soil feedback (PSF), during which the plants affect the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and the soil in turn affects not only fitness of individual plant types, but also interspecific interactions. The influence of PSF can manifest either instantaneously or with a delay, and it has a lot of external factors affecting it. The aim of my work was literary research, which focuses on the effects of drought on PSF. Frequent and repeating droughts, which are one of the consequences of climate change, affect not only the processes happening in ecosystems, but also individual organisms present in them, including microorganisms living in the soil. Intense droughts mainly cause temperature increases, decreases in soil moisture and soil degradation. The consequences of the drought include lowering of the primary productivity of plants and changes in the composition of soil and plant ecosystems. These changes, which influence the PSF, manifest as either positive or negative feedback.
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Plant-soil feedback and its interactions with other factors determining plant coexistence
Opravilová, Tereza ; Kuťáková, Eliška (advisor) ; Čuda, Jan (referee)
Plant-soil feedback has been a well-studied mechanism in recent years of the success of invasive plants, the shift of species in succession, and the structure of plant communities in general. It is a process during which the plant affects the soil with its growth and these changes are reflected in the growth of other plants. Despite the large number of previous studies, relatively little attention is paid to the interaction of plant-soil feedback with other factors, which I consider important for understanding its role in natural plant communities. The aim of the work was to clarify the influence of plant-soil feedback on model species Arrhenatherum elatius and Centaurea scabiosa and to compare its influence with other factors - interspecific competition and herbivory (simulated loss of aboveground biomass). The influence of factors was investigated using biomass and changes in plant physiology, specifically chlorophyll fluorescence and the content of elements in aboveground biomass. The plant-soil feedback mechanism of the model species was assessed using the content of elements in the soil after cultivation. In the biomass of the species Arrhenatherum elatius, the factors of plant-soil feedback and competition manifested themselves in mutual interaction, when the presence of a competitor changed...
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Effect of plant-soil feedback on plant invasiveness
Knobová, Pavlína ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Understanding the causes of biological invasions is a key topic of ecological research in the last decades. Invasive plant species threaten communities, ecosystems and humans in many different ways. Therefore, it is important to determine what characteristics enable them to become invasive. In this work, I summarize the possible causes and consequences of plant invasions focusing on one possible mechanism - the plant-soil feedback. This feedback can support or suppress the growth of plants. Most species have negative feedback, but some invasive plants have positive feedback. And that could be the cause of their invasiveness. This work summarizes the findings of the plant-soil feedback, the methods to study the feedback and especially the importance of plant-soil feedback for plant invasiveness.
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Plant-soil feedback as a mechanism affect species diverzity of communities
Vondráková, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Janoušková, Martina (referee)
Plant-soil feedback is known as the interaction between plant and soil. There is the feedback, when plant affect soil during their roots and on the other side soil affect growth and development through the change of their biotic and abiotic conditions. The plant-soil feedback is important mechanism of affecting plants or their competitive plant species through the soil. In this thesis I would like to summarize the functioning of the plant-soil feedback and factors which influence the feedback, the effect of feedback on the species diversity of plant communities, role in secondary succession, invasion and during coexistence of different species. I would like to point out, in which cases this feedback was confirmed experimentally and which experimental methods are used in the study of plant-soil feedback.
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Plant-soil feedback and locality management as factors determining vegetation development
Opravilová, Tereza ; Kuťáková, Eliška (advisor) ; Mayerová, Hana (referee)
Places disturbed by the mining of minerals occupy a substantial part of the Earth's surface. Together with the abandonment of these sites after the mining process, the issue of the restoration of plant communities is addressed. One way of such recovery is spontaneous succession. This is influenced by many factors, including plant-soil feedback, the indirect interactions among plants mediated by soil environment, thanks to which succession can be slowed or accelerated. If we want to preserve a certain grassland community in places of restored spontaneous succession, it is advisable to introduce some management methods at the site. These are usually mowing or pasturing. This work summarizes the knowledge about plant- soil feedback, succession in quarries, various management methods and their impact on plant communities. It serves as a theoretical basis for my diploma thesis on the model site of the Čeřinka quarry in the Czech Karst where I plan to observe the influence of grazing on the plant community by phytosociological relevés, and, using experiments, to observe the mutual influence of plant-soil feedback and grazing on plant growth.
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Importance of root exudates in plant-soil interactions
Horčičková, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Janoušková, Martina (referee)
Plant roots are in constant contact with soil microorganisms and fungi, and they come in contact with soil fauna and the roots of other plants. All components of the soil biota communicate with each other. When it comes to plants it is often a chemical communication through root exudates, chemicals that plants release into the soil. Through root exudation, plants also affect the abiotic component of the soil, which helps them to obtain nutrients. The production of root exudates is important in attracting symbionts and beneficial organisms and, conversely, in repelling or killing pathogens and parasites. Thanks to root exudates, plants can recognize neighbouring plants, suppress the growth of competitors, or avoid competition with kin, and parasitic plants use root exudates as signals to find its host. By the action of root exudates, plants create their own community of microorganisms and fungi in the rhizosphere, adjust the availability of nutrients and thus actively change living conditions in the soil. This bachelor thesis focuses on plant interactions through root exudates and mentions the ways in which root exudation can be studied. The following diploma thesis will discuss the influence of root exudates of invasive plants on the native plant community.
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Biotic and abiotic components of soil in plant-soil feedback of invasive and native plant species
Drtinová, Lucie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is a mechanism which may contribute to the success of invasive plant species. Which of the soil components have the greatest impact on PSF? In a two-phase experiment, I observed changes in germination and growth of plants in reaction to intraspecific plant cultivation: selected plant species were grown in substrate consisting of cultivated or uncultivated soil, containing different composition and amounts of soil biota. The effect of changes in abiotic and biotic components of the soil was then assessed and compared among pairs of closely related invasive and native plant species. The main observed phenomenon was species-specificity of plant responses to changed soil conditions. The cultivation-induced changes in soil composition affected germination and biomass of the test plants positively, negatively, or were neutral, their effect differed between tested species - some of the observed species were more affected by changes in abiotic properties of the soil, some reacted to changes in soil biota composition. Nevertheless, the composition of soil biota affected germination and biomass of plants even regardless of cultivation: the presence of all biotic components of the soil had negative effect on biomass - with growing representation and amount of pathogens, fungi, micro-...
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Plant-soil feedback and its interactions with other factors determining plant coexistence
Opravilová, Tereza ; Kuťáková, Eliška (advisor) ; Čuda, Jan (referee)
Plant-soil feedback has been a well-studied mechanism in recent years of the success of invasive plants, the shift of species in succession, and the structure of plant communities in general. It is a process during which the plant affects the soil with its growth and these changes are reflected in the growth of other plants. Despite the large number of previous studies, relatively little attention is paid to the interaction of plant-soil feedback with other factors, which I consider important for understanding its role in natural plant communities. The aim of the work was to clarify the influence of plant-soil feedback on model species Arrhenatherum elatius and Centaurea scabiosa and to compare its influence with other factors - interspecific competition and herbivory (simulated loss of aboveground biomass). The influence of factors was investigated using biomass and changes in plant physiology, specifically chlorophyll fluorescence and the content of elements in aboveground biomass. The plant-soil feedback mechanism of the model species was assessed using the content of elements in the soil after cultivation. In the biomass of the species Arrhenatherum elatius, the factors of plant-soil feedback and competition manifested themselves in mutual interaction, when the presence of a competitor changed...
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