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The diagnostic and prognostic ability of selected serum and urinary markers of prostate cancer
Do Carmo Silva, Joana Isabel ; Veselý, Štěpán (advisor) ; Čapoun, Otakar (referee) ; Fedorko, Michal (referee)
The diagnostic and prognostic ability of selected serum and urinary markers of prostate cancer Abstract Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the only widely approved marker in prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis and follow up after treatment. Its role has remained controversial due to lack of specificity and the risk of overdiagnosis of insignificant PC. The aim of this work was to explore promising markers of PC and to improve current patient stratification to adjuvant treatment. Three main studies were performed using different media (urine and serum). The first study included the evaluation of Engrailed-2 (EN2) - a urinary marker of interest - in 90 patients with localized PC, 30 healthy controls, and 40 patients indicated for prostate biopsy. The second study evaluated 205 men with high-risk PC-features who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and were subject to a strict follow-up protocol of ultrasensitive PSA (UPSA) at close time intervals. The ability of particular measurements to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and thus the need for adjuvant therapy was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) and a stratification model was created. The third study involved 128 patients who underwent RP. PSA and its serum isoforms normally used in the diagnostic context were evaluated both preoperatively...
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Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Algorithm
Sedláčková, Hana ; Hora, Milan (advisor) ; Baxa, Jan (referee) ; Záleský, Miroslav (referee)
Prostate cancer diagnostic algorithm Aim: The aim of the study is to implement the latest scientific knowledge in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC). We focused on tumor markers, imaging methods, prostate biopsy methodology and we created a diagnostic algorithm based on a review of current literature in combination with our own experience. Material and methods: The algorithm is divided into several branches, which have been individually subjected to clinical studies. Due to the low sensitivity and specificity of PSA, prostate health index (PHI) was added to the first line of patient stratification. 787 patients were primarily examined and these subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. PHI levels were compared with definitive staging and grading. Cut-off values for PC detection and high-risk stratification, including locally advanced PC were determined. Next, 320 patients underwent prostate biopsy followed by radical prostatectomy. The cohort was further divided into two subgroups, patients with GS = 6 and patients with GS > 6. The ability of PHI to distinguish between insignificant and significant prostate cancer was evaluated. In a multicentric study with 395 patients, PHI with additional markers (tPSA, PSAD) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of prostate (mpMRI) was assessed....
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The possibilities arising from discussion as educational technique and its influence on the development of a pupil's personality
Šlehoferová, Klára ; Krykorková, Hana (advisor) ; Janebová, Eva (referee)
Abstact: The overall objective of this thesis is to draw attention to discussion as a teaching technique. Discussion can be used to develop pupils' abilities, which are necessary for social life. The question: "How do teachers understand this technique and then apply it?", is closely linked to this problem. It is worth mentioning that discussion has very bad connotations in the Czech society. It is mainly due to its representation in media, where discussion is usually shown as a fight of arguments with an arrogant attitude, unethical and self-centred word-tiffs. The only goal is to state one's case very fast and to silence the rival. Where else can a different concept of discussion be seen? Where can we encounter discussion that resembles a dialogue? In my oppinion it is at school. I believe that if discussion is used in the right way at school it can help the society. I consider this as a very current issue and its solution very useful. This thesis is based on an assumption that teachers work with this educational technique in an intuitive way and they do not often take advantage of possibilities offered by the discussion that could develop pupils' personal abilities. The main objective of this thesis is to offer a more extensive theoretical background. It means to define the concept of a discussion with...
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