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Changes in nutritional status in patients with cystic fibrosis in the era of CFTR modulators
Brichtová, Nikola ; Fila, Libor (advisor) ; Pálová, Sabina (referee)
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that primarily affects the respiratory system but also the gastrointestinal tract. Nutritional status is a significant factor in overall health and prevention of malnutrition is a key component of therapy. New modulator therapy contributes to major improvement in health status as well as quality and length of life. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the development of nutritional status after initiating modulator therapy. The study assessed whether there was an increase in BMI, whether the treatment response was affected by the initial nutritional status, and whether the percentage of patients with target and better nutritional status increased. The research sample consisted of 86 patients from the Cystic Fibrosis Centre at the Motol University Hospital. The development of BMI was evaluated based on retrospective collection of anthropometric data. Data from 4 measurements were used: before treatment and then at 1, 3 and 6 months after starting treatment. Friedman test and comparison of median values were conducted to evaluate BMI development. Patients were divided into 4 groups to verify whether the initial nutritional status affects the treatment response. One- way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to assess statistically significant...
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Malnutrition in geriatric clinical practice
Matoušková, Tereza ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Michálková, Helena (referee)
Introduction to the problem: Malnutrition is a prevalent disease in the geriatric population. Currently, there are several types of classification and assessment of malnutrition according to MKN-10, ESPEN, and GLIM. Based on the severity of the diagnosis, it is always necessary to proceed immediately to appropriate therapy that will improve patients' overall health and also lead to an improvement in their quality of life. Aims of the study and research questions: The first goal is to evaluate the nutritional status of patients based on the nutritional screening, MMSE test results, laboratory examination, and dietary intake in the first three days of hospitalization. The second goal is to assess the nutritional status of patients identified in nutritional screening tests, such as MNA and SNAQ, at risk of malnutrition or already in a state of malnutrition using the GLIM diagnostic criteria. To better evaluate both objectives of the study, five research questions were formulated: 1. How many respondents had a normal nutritional status, were in a state of malnutrition, or were at risk of malnutrition? 2. What was the specificity and sensitivity of each nutritional screening compared to the GLIM diagnostic criteria? 3. Did malnutrition and malnutrition-risk respondents have worse laboratory index...
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Dostatečnost nutričního vyživení v domovech pro seniory
VOŠTOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue "Sufficiency of nutritional nutrition in homes for the elderly". The nutritional status of the elderly in homes for the elderly is not at a high level and is not adequately assessed by the nursing staff. Inadequate nutrition has many consequences and affects the overall health of the elderly, and the causes of inadequate nutrition are controllable. The nutrition of the elderly has its own specificities and should be accepted in the provision of their nutrition. The bachelor thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with old age, nutrition and standards of homes for the elderly. The practical part dealt with research on these objectives. To map the nutritional adequacy of the diet of the clients of the old age homes and to find out the status of the meals taken outside the diet given by the institution. A qualitative survey was used to achieve the objectives of the work. The research investigation was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews, using questionnaire method. Sixteen clients from the home for the elderly participated in the research investigation. The interviews were recorded using pencil-paper method and transcribed. The research investigation revealed that the elderly homes do not prepare food that meets the nutritional recommendations for the elderly. Two research questions were used to reach this conclusion, the answers to which led me to the stated facts that the majority of respondents did not reach their recommended energy intake, yet the food consumed outside the home on average accounted for only 13 % of total energy intake. The presence of a nutritional therapist in the nursing team is not common practice. Based on my findings, I would recommend that a nutritional therapist be part of the nursing team in nursing homes for the elderly.
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Nutritional status of patients with acute leukemia during the oncological treatment
Kupilíková, Veronika ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
Acute leukemia is defined as a heterogeneous group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which nutritional disorders occur in patients with acute leukemia during the cancer treatment, their severity, the most common causes of weight loss, and the extent to which different forms of nutritional intervention are applied in patients. The research was carried out in the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, during the hospitalization of patients in the inpatient ward, intensive care unit and transplant unit. The study population consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia. Outcomes from nutritional status screening (MNA questionnaire, BMI, weight, mid arm circumference, calf circumference, BIA, biochemical nutritional parameters), and functional assessment (ECOG PS, Chair-stand test, Hand grip test) were used to process the practical part and answer the research questions. Measurements were performed twice with approximately one month intervals. The study confirmed weight loss since the onset of the disease in 95 % of patients. The dominant cause of weight loss was identified in 80 % as lack of appetite. Nutritional screening by MNA evaluated the patient population with a mean score of 22,8 ± 2,9, referring to the risk...
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Dietary preferences of hospitalized patients in the palliative care department
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Tereza
My Bachelor thesis called "Dietary preferences of hospitalised patients in the palliative care department" is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part and practical part. The main goal of the bachelor thesis was to discover the dietary preferences of patients in the palliative department and to evaluate whether the menu that was designed based on the patients' dietary preferences corresponds to their nutritional needs. The theoretical part is focused on older adults and physiological changes caused by ageing, nutrition of the elderly, the most common diseases in old age and possible varieties of assessment of the nutritional status of the elderly. The practical part focused on mapping the dietary preferences of patients in the palliative unit. I investigated how patients would imagine the food served in the hospital. A quantitative data collection method was used in the research through a self-constructed questionnaire. The last question concerned the construction of an ideal diet according to the patient. Furthermore, the practical part includes analysing the data obtained from the questionnaires part of which was an analysis of the ideal menus from the respondents and the menus that the patients received in the particular hospitals. I processed the obtained data using Microsoft Excel and Nutriservis professional. I found that the patients are mostly satisfied with their diet from the evaluated data. However, their diet often lacks fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products, fish, eggs and sauces. They tend to prefer hot dinners, and the ideal time to serve dinners is between 17:00 and 18:00. In addition, patients prefer savoury dishes to sweet ones and quite often do not eat the whole portion. When analysing the diets, the most common problem was with protein. In some cases, there was its excess and sometimes a deficiency. Usually, it was necessary to reduce some protein sources and add more carbohydrates or replace sweet dishes, with a better protein source.
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The nutritional assesment of juvenile football players
KRÁL, Robert
The topic of the bachelor thesis is " The nutritional assesment of juvenile football players ". The emphasis on sports performance is placed on young sportsmen from an early age, which includes adequate nutrition. If this is not the case, the young athlete is at risk of problems manifested by poor performance, more frequent injuries and, last but not least, irreversible changes or developmental disorders. The theoretical part deals with energy overview, the representation and importance of macronutrients and micronutrients in the diet, drinking regime, problems of insufficient nutrition, assessment of nutritional status and finally dietary supplements. The data collection was done using a qualitative method. 12 informants were obtained using the snowball method, which was interviewed in a semi-structured interview. Each informant also provided a diet plan. Data analysis was performed using coding and categorization techniques on the data transcribed from the interview. Nutriservis Professional software was used to process the diet plan. The objectives of the study were to map the nutritional status and possible prevalence of malnutrition in the sports soccer players and to map the awareness of children and their parents about sports nutrition in the senior pre-school and junior football category. The research showed that the dietary habits of young footballers follow the recommendations of the child nutrition in terms of quality but not in terms of quantity. Children's awareness of the timing of meals with physical activity and energy use during exercise is significantly lacking. Awareness of nutrition is relatively adequate for their age and they can partially distinguish what is appropriate for them and what is not. Parents are well informed about healthy eating and lifestyle and try to take an interest in nutrition themselves, but do not have comprehensive adequate information about sports nutrition in childhood.
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The effect of low-protein diet on progression of chronic kidney disease
Čmerdová, Kristýna ; Karbanová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Tesař, Vladimír (referee)
Background: Low protein diet is one of the treatments for patients with chronic kidney disease during the pre-dialysis period. Studies about this subject have been published for more than 20 years, but the conclusions about its effect and the most appropriate composition are not clear. A low-protein diet is recommended for some patients at the Nephrology Clinic of General University Hospital. These patients are educated and re- educated by a nutrition therapist who also controls their food intake through a food diary. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of low-protein diet on the progression of chronic kidney disease in our conditions and to compare the results with the control group. Furthermore, to evaluate the nutritional status of these patients and the influence of the diet on it. Last but not least, describe a set of patients coming to education about low-protein diet. Methods: The input data was retrospectively retrieved from the medical records of patients who attended medical checks at the Nephrology Clinic of General University Hospital between 10/2016 and 3/2018. A group of 15 patients with a low-protein diet was compared with a control group of 15 patients who did not receive low-protein diet education. The main data collected was year of birth, estimated GFR, urea, creatinine, albumin,...
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Eating habits and behaviors of Czech adolescents in relation to their body weight
Paterová, Zuzana ; Hlavatá, Karolína (advisor) ; Vašíčková, Jitka (referee)
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has reached pandemic proportions nowadays. Obese individuals are at risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, musculoskeletal diseases, etc. Children increasingly live a sedentary lifestyle and consume high-energy food with poor combination of nutrients. In the Czech Republic, however, there exist no comprehensive structure for the fight against child obesity and a lack of meaningful data on the prevalence of obesity in adolescent population. This work is drawn up under the project COPAT. The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of basic nutrients and their relationship to weight, dietary recommendations for adolescents, the assessment of nutritional status, etiology of obesity and obesity-related complications. The main emphasis is placed on the practical part, which focuses on results of the research, which provides information about dietary habits and behaviour of 100 adolescents in relation to their body weight. Key words: obesity, nutrition, nutritional status, adolescents, health risks
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Prognostic impact of nutritional status of patients with head and neck cancer on the efficacy of concomitant radio(chemo)therapy: A prospective clinical trial.
Králová, Anna ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vítek, Pavel (referee)
The study is designed as a prospective clinical trial. Patients with histologically proven head and neck cancer treated by curative radiotherapy were included. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pretreatment or posttreatment nutritional status and overall surival or locoregional / distant control. Pretreatment and posttreatment nutritional status was evaluated by body weight, body mass index, total serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, transferin and cholinesterase. Univariete and multivariete regression analyses were applied for prognostic factors associated with survival or tumor control. In this study we demonstrated, that poorer nutritional status prior curative radiotherapy, has a negative impact on subsequent control of cancer. The most sensitive parameter was serum cholinesterase. Serum cholinesterase 108 kat/l was the independent negative prognostic factor for both locoregional and distant tumor control. Results of this study indicate the need for intensive nutritional support before starting of curative treatment.
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Nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis
Šimková, Simona ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This diploma focuses on the topic of nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the theoretical part I focus on osteoporosis as the definition of the disease, epidemiology and etiology. Clinical manifestations of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment are also mentioned. An important part of the thesis is a description of the risk factors and especially the specification of the nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. The nutrients which are connected or could be connected to the disease are also described. Additionally, the influence of physical activity and smoking is mentioned. The last part is focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the nutrition status of patients with osteoporosis. Few steps were carried out to achieve the target of the thesis. First, the theoretical part was written according to the published bibliography, then the research was performed. The research was attended by 60 women patients from osteological ambulatory in Prague and České Budějovice. The research has several parts that are consequently evaluated. Specifically, a short questionnaire concentrating on the intake of calcium or movement activity of the respondents was made. Another part was a frequency...
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