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The northward path of ambition : the Northwest Passage and why Canada needs to re-embrace liberal internationalism in the Arctic
Heffernan, Nicolas ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Seen as a valuable shortcut from Europe to Asia, the Northwest Passage could become an important shipping route, and Canada wants to be able to control it. However, the current Conservative Party government under Prime Minister Stephen Harper has led an aggressive, complex neorealist approach to securing sovereignty over the Passage consisting of loud diplomacy, military drills, and rejection of multilateral cooperation in the region. But this strategy that perceives Canada as a principle power is not sustainable. The government must accept that Canada simply cannot afford to unilaterally control and develop the Northwest Passage, and a liberal internationalist approach is what is needed. Rather than continuing to fight for international acknowledgment that the Passage is a domestic strait, Canada needs to recognize that the strait can be managed and developed much more effectively if it oversaw a multilateral development effort through the International Maritime Organization. This thesis will consist of five chapters: 1. The history of Canada and the Northwest Passage, 2. The benefits of a more accessible Arctic, 3. Challenges to developing a more open Arctic, 4. Three theoretical perspectives of Canadian foreign policy, 5. Returning to multilateralism: and effective Northwest Passage policy. Powered by...
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Canada and the Norhwest Passage? Intersection of National Sovereignty and Environmentalism?
Cox, Oliver ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Vidén, Anna Karolina (referee)
According to latest scientific data the ice cap in the Arctic is receding. If it recedes for a long enough part of the year, it might become feasible to use the Northwest Passage for commercial shipping. That might pose a threat to Canadian claim of sovereignty over the Northwest Passage (NWP). A key component of Canadian assertion of sovereignty over the NWP is based on the concept of functional claim via enforcement of environmental regulations in the NWP. These environmental regulations were introduced after the voyage of American oil tanker SS Manhattan in 1969 through the Northwest Passage. This thesis examines these events in order to evaluate the role (and importance) of employing environmental arguments in Canadian claim over the Northwest Passage. In 2006, the new Canadian Government presented a shift in the Arctic discourse towards a more hard-line approach. Therefore, it is important to examine the implications of this shift and its impact on the environmental line of argumentation. This text argues that the environmental approach is still relevant and actually the most viable one. But also, this text argues that Canada lacks the necessary infrastructure to enforce the regulations and to provide other shipping services. Thus, it leaves the Northwest Passage in danger of being proclaimed...
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Interests of the United States and Canada in the Artic
Vargová, Žaneta ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
The Northwest Passage is a potentially navigable seaway in the Arctic that is delimited by the Beaufort Sea in the west and the Buffin Bay in the east. As the Arctic ice cap melts further each year, the Passage may become navigable in the medium term. This brings to light many important questions and problems closely linked to the Passage's legal status. This thesis first maps the different reasons to deal with the problem and focuses on Canada as the state to be potentially most affected by the Passage's use. Canada takes the view, that the Northwest Passage are internal waters and the U.S. and the EU, that it is an international strait. The work probes the approaches to determine the status in compliance with the international law as they were claimed chronologically. However, the work stipulates the legal solution is not the only one imaginable and can even be potentially harmful to Canada. Therefore, the next part of the thesis deals with mapping them. A political solution on the international level is offered arguing that cooperation should be established in the region to safely and peacefully use the potentially navigable Passage. The last way to solve the situation lies in national policies as Canada has historically dealt with the issue internally several times. Some of its efforts have also been...
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New Navigation Routes in the Arctic
Pejchal, Vladislav ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
As a result of the melting of the Arctic sea ice, new nautical opportunities are opening up in the area of the Arctic. This bachelor thesis deals with what is called the "Northwest Passage" - an opening maritime route which connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Currently, the harsh climatic conditions limit the navigation and the economic use of the Passage. However, due to the speed in which the ice is melting, smooth navigation through the Northwest Passage can be expected in a mere few years. Canada and some other countries (primarily the U.S.) have had a dispute about the extent of the Canadian sovereignty in the area of the Passage. This thesis tries to fully cover the issue of the Northwest Passage sovereignty, as well as to find an answer to the question whether the dispute between Canada and U.S. can be solved in the near future.
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