|
|
An Effect of Facilitation Physiotherapy on Immune Parameters of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Řasová, K. ; Brandejský, P. ; Kučera, P. ; Martinková, Patrícia
Introduction: New neurophysiologic knowledge brings new possibilities of physiotherapy – a potential influence of the immune system in sense of immunomodulation. In this study, the impact of facilitation physiotherapy (FP) on the humoral and cellular immunity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was monitored. Methods: Plasma immunoglobulins and membrane markers were measured in 20 stable MS patients twice during two months. During this time, 12 patients underwent 2 months FP and 8 did not change their habits. Plasma immunoglobulins were measured by laser nephelometry and membrane markers were stained by monoclonal antibody conjugated with fluorochromes and analyzed by flow cytometry. Wilcoxon signed-rank (paired) test and Wilcoxon rank-sum (two-sample) test was used for analyses. Results: We found significant changes in patients after FP in number of immunological parameters (IgG, IgG1, IgA, CD3+CD8+, CD3+, NK cells, lymphocytes, neutrophiles. while in patients who did not change their habits, there was a significant increase only in IgA. However, the amount of changes after two months follow-up was significantly different in the two groups only in IgA (p = 0.008). Conclusion: FP in MS influences the immunologic profile of patients with MS.
|
|
|
Social services for people with multiple sclerosis in the South Region
SOTONA, Petr
The work deals with the supply of social services for people with multiple sclerosis in the South Region. The theoretical part contains a general introduction to the problems of multiple sclerosis, information about its causes, signs and types, describes multiple sclerosis in a social context, dealing with social security and social services for people with multiple sclerosis. The practical part contains the results of a survey conducted among persons diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and the results of the analysis of data from the register of social services. The aim was to determine the status of social services for people with multiple sclerosis in the South Region and the awareness of people with multiple sclerosis to offer social services for people with disabilities in the South Region.
|
|
|
Multiple sclerosis and its influence on an individual and his surroundings
HRUBÁ, Ludmila
In this bachelor thesis I focused on the problem of the multiple sclerosis. It is an autoimmune neurological disorder manifesting itself by an emergence of inflammatory foci in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, which destroys a container of nerve fibres so called myelin. The nerve fibre undresses and a neurotransmission slows down. Scars remain in the place of the myelin damage. An onset of the disease is usually between 20 and 40 years. At present, in the Czech Republic there are approximately 15 000 people with multiple sclerosis, 60% of them are women and 40% are men. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part I focused on the current state of the problem. In individual chapters I present for example a history, a theory of the emergence or a communication with people with this disability. The theoretical part should provide basic information about multiple sclerosis. The practical part consists of a methodology I used for gathering information for the research and an evaluation of results. The information was collected by a technique of a qualitative research, a method of a semi-structured interview. Experimental samples were two. The first one was compound of people who have multiple sclerosis, the second one were close people, i.e. friends, family members. I conducted the research with clients from St. Joseph´s Home in Žireč, with clients of MS Centre in České Budějovice and with my close people and friends. Results of the research are presented in the section Results and Discussion. An aim of this thesis was to determine the influence of multiple sclerosis on an individual and his surroundings and to familiarize the people with the disease and the problems which this disorder can bring. During my research I focused on issues of housing, employment, culture life and an awareness of this problem.
|
|
| |
|
|
The influence of physiotherapy on improving general state of patients suffering from Multiple sclerosis
ČERVINSKÁ, Klára
The bachelor thesis summarizes present knowledge of the disease Multiple sclerosis and its ways of treatment. The aim of the thesis, is to build up a suitable complex physiotherapeutical treatment, which would have a positive effect on a general state of patients suffering from MS. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to etiopathogenesis, symptoms of the illness, diagnostics, pharmacological therapy and the importace of rehabilitation treatment. The second experiential part contains a case study of two patients suffering from different forms of the illness. It describes their present health state, the course of the rehabilitation treatment and its evaluation. Furthermore performed examinations, medical history and a suggestion of a longterm rehabilitation treatment are also presented in this part. The research took place in the Multiple Sclerosis centre in Prague. The effect of the physical therapy was evaluated by measurement of physical condition and a kinesiological analysis. The thesis also involves a questionnaire in which the patients evaluate influence of physiotehrapy on their general state from their point of view. Rehabilitation has an effect on the state of patients particularly in correction of posture, breath stereotype and affecting balance. Physiotherapy helps the patients to influence some of the symptoms of the disease and therefore improve everyday-life activities. However the effect is only shortlasting. Consequently it is necessary to exercise on a long term basis and to adapt the therapy according to the progressive character of the disease.
|
|
|
The patiens with disseminated sclerosis in care of aftercare agency
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Dita
The multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting the central nervous system and harming the nerve cells. First of all the coat of nerve fibres called myelin is harmed. This causes subsequently the harm to axon and leading the excitement. As a consequence of progressing disease the people are not able to take care of themselves by the course of time and they need the help of other persons; often they decide to co-operate with the Domestic Care Agency. They are taken care of and they can stay in their natural environment. The domestic care may be defined as the form of health and social care provided to clients in their own social environment by Domestic Care Agencies. The bachelor thesis has a theoretical part and research part. In the theoretical part, the information concerning the domestic care is included. We can find here the history of domestic care, assurance of domestic care in the Czech Republic, description of agencies of domestic care and their equipment and in the last section, also the nursing care in the domestic care. The theoretical part deals moreover with the multiple sclerosis, especially by clinical signs, diagnostics, healing and nursing care. In the research part, the qualitative research investigation was performed, the method of data collection were talks with the nurses of Domestic Care Agency as well as with patients with multiple sclerosis and observing the co-operation of the nurse with the patient. The talk was conducted by five nurses and was split into several parts concerning the attendance frequency of the nurse in patient home, co-operation with the patient, performed interventions, specialities of nursing care for the patients with multiple sclerosis. The talk with the patients was done in their home environment after the visit of the nurse and 4 patients answered the questions. The questions of the talk focused on the regularity of visits of Domestic Care Agency, provided services, satisfaction with Domestic Care Agency, co-operation with nurses. The thesis deals with three goals. The first of them is finding out the satisfaction of patients with multiple sclerosis with the care of Domestic Care Agency and its employees. The second target was to define what services are provided to the patients with this illness. The last target was to find out the specifics of the care for multiple sclerosis patients. The targets of this thesis were achieved. It follows from the research part ¨that the patients are satisfied with the care of Domestic Care Agency and its employees. The nurses stated in accordance with it that the nursing care for the patients with multiple sclerosis has certain specifics, among others mainly the sufficient psychological support of the patients, the long-term co-operation of the agency with patients and the close relationship to the patients. The performed interventions were also found out. It is first of all the rehabilitation care connected with the care for patient´s skin. The bachelor thesis may be utilised in Domestic Care Agencies for improving the care for patients with multiple sclerosis and it serves as feedback of patients also for the Domestic Care Agency concerning the behaviour of its employees
|
|
|
Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis
FOŠUM, Pavel
There are approximately 2.5 million cases of multiple sclerosis [MS] in the world. Each year, around 10,000 new cases of MS are diagnosed. There are approximately 0.1%. in the Czech Republic and that means that there are approximately 15,000 people with this disease. Multiple sclerosis is a progressive neurological inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in pathogenesis. The auto-immune mechanisms are appliedinvolves; both the affect the myelin and damaged axons. This damage is responsible for the permanent disability of MS. The main objective of this thesis was to use quantitative research to describe the occurrence of MS in the Regions of South Bohemia and Usti, and within objective to estimate the true prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the South and the Usti Regions. MUDr. Príkaszký and I used the method of descriptive epidemiological studies on the technique of data collection, as well as the analysis and the comparison of two sources using the double-capture method. As a research area, we used a set of patients with multiple sclerosis. The data were gathered in two regions of the Czech Republic: Usti nad Labem Region and South Bohemia. We investigated the number of patients from neurologists and MS centers in both regions.There is also the data on health insurance included with the Ústí Region in this research. According to the data, we estimated the prevalence of neurologists in South Bohemia to be 79.20 per 100,000 people. The MS Center at the hospital in Ceske Budejovice has registered 512 patients: 388 women and 124 men. The values of the MS Centre in Ceske Budejovice received from the neurologists are a total of 882 patients, which is a prevalence of 138.6 patients per 100,000 of the population. Regarding the Usti Region, the prevalence reported by neurologists is 208.2 per 100 000 people. The MS Center at the hospital in Teplice, has registered 1139 sick 730 women and 409 men. According to health insurance data in their database, of 1187 people listed with a diagnosis of G.35, 333 are men and 854 are women. This represents an estimate of the prevalence 305/100000 of the people who are registered in the NGA. We calculated the prevalence of illnesses from those sources in both of these regions is higher than the general estimates. When comparing the data source of health insurance and the model file from the MS center of Ústí Region, we calculated the overall sensitivity of 91.7% within a health insurance group. The calculation of the estimated prevalence has been reached by using the method of double-capture of those sources that provided an estimate of 2,681 patients in the Usti Region. The models of this data are mainly demonstrated as a possible approach to the estimate of the prevalence of this chronic disease in the case of multiple sclerosis. The information has been obtained from the collection of data. The results of this study can be used by other workers who have the same objective as this study.
|
|
|
The Centre for Demyelinating Illnesses in Prague II. versus the Out patient of Demyelinating Illnesses in České Budějovice ( Multiple sclerosis - the part of my life)
LINHARTOVÁ, Kateřina
My bachelor thesis is devoted to the issue of multiple sclerosis. It is a case of demyelinating disease affecting the central nerve system by inflammatory focuses. It causes nerve channel disorders and nerve fibre destruction, which may result in damage of function followed by disability. Genesis of a multiple sclerosis has not been known yet. It may be generated by a number of factors. The disease affects an individual of younger and medium age, more often women than men. At present the multiple sclerosis is an illness that can be diagnosed as early as at its clinical beginning and the adequate therapy can be started as soon as possible. Although there is no causal treatment yet, modern medical methods represent significant step forward and an increase of the per cent of patients whose central nerve system may not be damaged and permanent disability may not occur. Complex care for the patient with multiple sclerosis is secured by so called MS Centres (Multiple Sclerosis Centres) established and working all over the Czech Republic. The scope of their activity is rather wide: from the diagnostics of the illness, over pharmacological treatment, treatment by a psychologist, socially-legal consultancy and rehabilitation up to the scientifically-research and educational activity.I focused my work on particularly two such establishments {--} The Centre for Demyelinating Diseases in Prague 2 and Outpatient Department of Demyelinating Diseases in České Budějovice. I set up following objectives: the first objective was to map out the provision of services by the two above mentioned establishments. The second objective of my work was to find out the quality of such services involving examinations of patients taking medicines of the first selection and the IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin), the clinical examination of the patients being monitored, the examination of new patients, the administration of intravenous drip therapy, the services of a psychologist and of a social worker, rehabilitation. I selected a qualitative research for fulfilment of the above mentioned two objectives. The selective pattern involved five clients of the Outpatient Department of Demyelinating Diseases in České Budějovice and seven clients from the Centre for Demyelinating Diseases in Prague 2. The clients were selected by the random systematic selection. The necessary data were collected by method of interview, semi standardized interview technique. The interview was performed with staff of both establishments and with the clients.I would like to contribute by my thesis to increase of the public awareness of the issue of multiple sclerosis, of the services being provided and treatment possibilities. This paper may also be a guide for improvement of services provided to patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. The achieved conclusions and created hypotheses can be used as a basis for further quantitative research of this issue.
|
|
|
Life quality of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis
OHÁŇKOVÁ, Jana
A multiple cerebrospinal sclerosis is one of the most frequent neurologic diseases affecting individuals in the productive age, more often women. The thesis aims to describe the life quality of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. To detect whether due to the multiple sclerosis the qualities of life change. If this would be the case then the goal is to reveal which aspects the changes affect. Another objective was to establish whether the life quality of multiple sclerosis patients decreases depending on the period of time since the diagnosis was made, that is on the duration of the disease. The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to describing the disease in general, signs, symptoms, prognosis, and treatment. I also deal with defining the term of life quality and its clarification, I also discuss the social-legal problems of the disease. The practical part of the thesis implements both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method included a semi-standardized interview. The quantitative method incorporated interrogative research using a SF-36 questionnaire about the quality of life conditioned by health. The information detected from the semi-standardized interview (the qualitative part) served as the basis for defining hypotheses for the quantitative part of the thesis. The following hypotheses were defined: H1: ``The quality of life in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis is lower than in the general population" and H2: "The quality of life in multiple sclerosis carriers decreases in correlation to the period of time since the diagnosis was made, that is on the duration of the disease.{\crqq} Chapter ``Results{\crqq} contains the established information.
|
|
|
The use of social and health services for people with multiple sclerosis
KAŠPAROVÁ, Eva
Multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which leads to demyelination of nerve fibres or to their direct loss. Multiple sclerosis is the most common neurological cause of chronic disability in young adults. There is no known effective cure for this disease. It is only possible to reduce the progression rate of the disease by recently available medication and their combinations. Social and health services bring significant benefit to life of people with multiple sclerosis. Health services are important not only for medical treatment but also for support because they try to improve or preserve physical condition and affect also mental condition. Social services become more important as the disease progresses when people are no longer able to cope with routine everyday activities. The objective of my thesis was to suggest suitable health and social services for people with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, to find out which of these services are used by ill people. The hypothesis of the thesis was: Some types of social services for people with multiple sclerosis are not quantitatively provided unlike health services. In my thesis I used quantitative research, interviewing and the questionnaire method. Questionnaires were filled in by adults with multiple sclerosis in selected organisations {\clqq}Roska`` in the Czech republic. During the research I discovered problems with insufficient awareness of social services and not using contributions and allowances for social services. On the contrary, the results of the research imply that health services are being used. I assume that the hypothesis was confirmed. I find the contribution of the thesis in the fact that I suggested recommendations for suitable health and social services for people with multiple sclerosis. After completion of local contacts, this suggestion could be used as an informative brochure which would be available to people with multiple sclerosis.
|
guest ::
