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Jewish Law
Půlpánová, Klára ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Agha, Petr (referee)
Jewish Law Abstract The diploma thesis presents the Jewish law as a juridical system. In the first part it introduces the reader to the concept of halakhah and its content. Then it places the development of the Jewish law in historical context, introducing its evolution from a historical and critical perspective as well as from a traditional halakhic perspective. The thesis divides the Jewish law into biblical and rabbinic law and also captures and further discusses the various characteristics of the Jewish law, which are multivalence, the absence of centralization, the diversity of opinions of halakhic savants and ritual law as a ubiquitous part of legal norms. It also describes the sources of halakhah and presents a selection of the most important literary sources of the Jewish law, together with a brief account of their historical development. One chapter of the thesis is also devoted to rabbinic hermeneutics. The thesis introduces three concepts of hermeneutical rules called midot. The first one is the seven rules of Hillel, the second one are the thirteen rules of Rabbi Yishmael, and the third concept is the thirty-two rules of Rabbi Eliezer. The thesis demonstrates by examples the application of these rules in the exegesis of biblical legal norms, and thereby also illustrates the concept of the Jewish...
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The Narrowness of the Jewish World in the <> Encyclical of James in the Context of Political and Religious Conflicts of the Second Temple Period
Tarasenko, Olexandr ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor) ; Pokorný, Petr (referee) ; Ábel, František (referee)
This dissertation explores the value system held by the author of the Epistle of James. Most likely, this interesting Epistle of a former Galilean peasant is a collection of his sermons or discourses gathered and edited by one of his followers. The Epistle does not relate to any specific problems of concrete communities or persons and, therefore, it may be viewed as an encyclical letter. The author's main tone is: «you must act in this way and only this way». Therefore this document is a type of «halakhah», a literary form used by the sages of Israel before the Common Era. «Halakhah», as well as the Greek literary form paraenesis, does not imply any discussion of the material, but rather calls the readers to submission. The author of this «halakhic» encyclical shifts the attention of his readers from their realities to his idealistic world. He omits many aspects of Second-Temple-Period Jewish life, focusing his attention instead on the rules of spiritual life common for both Judeans and Christians. This focus explains why the Epistle has only two brief and indirect references to Jesus Christ, who as the hero surprisingly does not play a distinctive role. for several reasons the Messiah is replaced by famous characters from the Tanakh (i. e., Abraham, Rahab, Job, and Elijah) as being the best examples for...
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