|
|
Verification of metabolism prediction based on performed activity
Kopecký, David ; Pokorný, Jan (referee) ; Kopečková, Barbora (advisor)
Nowadays, metabolic rate or energy expenditure in general is one of the most discussed topics, especially in connection with a healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, the metabolic rate can be used as a relatively accurate indicator of physical or thermal load as well. Usually, the value of metabolic rate is used as input into various physiological models. These models estimate the body’s thermal stress, for instance when working in a protective suit. The thesis deals not only with tabulated values of metabolic rate, but it also focuses on the accuracy of estimated metabolic rate using simple measuring devices. The Apple Watch Series 4 smartwatch, the Garmin Fenix 6 Pro Glass sports tester, and the Fitbit Inspire smart sports bracelet were used for the measurements published in the thesis. The results of the measurements show that contemporary sports testers are still inappropriate for use in healthcare or elite sports.
|
|
|
Validity of commercially available smartwatches when estimating energy expenditure
Kopecký, David ; Pokorný, Jan (referee) ; Řehák Kopečková, Barbora (advisor)
Metabolic rate is an energy quantity. Its value is a key input not only in thermophysiological models, but also in the calculation of heat stress indices or complex models predicting a person's thermal sensation. With the dynamic development of technology, sporttesters are able to estimate energy expenditure, among other things. It is a non-invasive method of estimating energy expenditure, or metabolic rate, using associated body functions to predict it. This work deals with the validity of the accuracy of metabolic rate estimation using the Garmin Fenix 6X Pro sporttester in comparison with indirect calorimetry. The accuracy of the metabolic rate estimation was tested for the activities of lying down, administrative work and cycling with regulated mechanical resistance of 100 and 150 W. 15 male subjects aged 28 ± 5 years, with a weight of 83.2 ± 13.5 kg and a height of 180 ± 7 cm participated in the study. In terms of the results, it is possible to observe a lower accuracy of prediction of metabolic rate for low-intensity activities, with the resulting MAPE being around 19-43 %. On the other hand, for activities with moderate activity, the prediction of the metabolic rate by the used sporttester proved to be sufficiently accurate, with a resulting MAPE in the range of 6–8 %.
|
|
|
Predation risk and habitat complexity modify intermediate predator feeding rates and energetic efficiencies in a tri-trophic system
KOLÁŘ, Vojtěch
Many species show behavioural and physiological responses to predation risk, with important implications for their individual growth and development, but these responses may be context dependent. The goal of this study was to measure feeding and metabolic rates of intermediate invertebrate predators under different levels of predation risk and abiotic conditions to understand how they might affect their energetic efficiency, i.e. the ability to utilize available resources for individual growth. We ran laboratory experiments with larvae of three odonate species representing intermediate predators exposed to three levels of predation risk (none, visual cues, and visual and chemical cues) and two levels of habitat complexity (present vs. absent artificial submerged vegetation). We show that the response of intermediate predators to predation risk and its consequences for energetic efficiency are species specific and likely determined by their foraging and defense traits and their habitat domains.
|
|
|
Verification of metabolism prediction based on performed activity
Kopecký, David ; Pokorný, Jan (referee) ; Kopečková, Barbora (advisor)
Nowadays, metabolic rate or energy expenditure in general is one of the most discussed topics, especially in connection with a healthy lifestyle. Nevertheless, the metabolic rate can be used as a relatively accurate indicator of physical or thermal load as well. Usually, the value of metabolic rate is used as input into various physiological models. These models estimate the body’s thermal stress, for instance when working in a protective suit. The thesis deals not only with tabulated values of metabolic rate, but it also focuses on the accuracy of estimated metabolic rate using simple measuring devices. The Apple Watch Series 4 smartwatch, the Garmin Fenix 6 Pro Glass sports tester, and the Fitbit Inspire smart sports bracelet were used for the measurements published in the thesis. The results of the measurements show that contemporary sports testers are still inappropriate for use in healthcare or elite sports.
|
|
|
Evaporative water loss in geckos of the genus Paroedura
Myslíková, Tereza ; Starostová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Okrouhlik, Jan (referee)
Keeping a balanced state in terms of liquids in an organism, especially evaporative water loss regulation, is essential for all terrestial animals, including reptiles. Respiratory water loss and cutaneous water loss account for the highest percentage of total water loss. For this reason, the degree of evaporative water loss in reptiles can be primarily influenced by body dimensions, metabolism intensity and morphology of body surface scales. This thesis focuses on water loss through evaporation in Madagascan Paroedura geckos. The Paroedura are suitable for this research because they represent a monophyletic genus with a strongly supported hypothesis about phylogenetic relationships. The thesis adds some facts to this theory. At the same time, individual Paroedura species differ in body dimensions and habitat preference. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether individual representatives of Paroedura differ in TEWL, to specify the characteristics of the ancestral state of TEWL in this genus and to test which morphological and physiological factors influence TEWL. Further aim was to measure cutaneous water loss. Measuring was carried out by flow- through respirometry. The results show that individual representatives of Paroedura differ remarkably in TEWL figures. The reconstruction of the...
|
|
|
Physiological adaptations associated with body size and longevity in endothermic vertebrates
Pazdera, Lukáš ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Blažek, Radim (referee)
Abstact Lifespan is related to a number of physiological processes that are interconnected. Longevous species are assumed to have evolved certain physiological adaptations that slow down ageing rate and enable long lifespan. The aim of my thesis was to review physiological traits that has been hypothesised to be associated with lifespan, and to evaluate the empirical support for such hypotheses. Studies testing the association of these traits with body size has also been included in my thesis, as body size is known to be tightly related to lifespan. Traits that are reviewed in my thesis due to their hypothesised coevolution with lifespan are as follows: metabolic rate (i.e., a total amount of energy expended by the organism per unit of body mass and unit of time), oxidative stress resistance, telomere length and rate of telomere shortening and intensity of stress and immune responses. Key words: Lifespan, longevity, survival, reproduction, oxidative stress, free radicals, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, metabnolic rate, immunity, antioxidants
|
|
|
The impact of predation risk and habitat complexity on trophic interactions in aquatic habitats
KOLÁŘ, Vojtěch
The thesis results of two laboratory experiments focusing on the impacts of predation risk, prey density and habitat complexity on predator-prey interaction strengths and predator metabolic rates, complemented by a brief review of the subject. The experimental system used in the first experiment consisted of cladoceran prey, larvae of three dragonfly species (Sympetrum sanguineum, Libellula quadrimaculata, Ischnura cf. elegans) as intermediate predators, and larvae of a large dragonfly species (Aeshna sp.) as a top predator. The second experiment of investigated how predation risk influences metabolic rates of the intermediate predators.
|
guest ::
