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Recycling technology for plastics components of car batteries
Bartoš, Otakar ; Tocháček, Jiří (referee) ; Melčová, Veronika (advisor)
This paper deals with the recycling of plastics from lithium batteries, more specifically polyvinylidenefluoride and polyethylene. Two samples of different nature were analysed. For the first sample, the presence of polyvinylidene fluoride was expected and the sample was analysed by TGA, DSC and FTIR. It was found to contain a maximum of 3.53 % PVDF contaminated by the solvent NMP, which was used for isolation and failed to evaporate. The remainder of the sample consisted mainly of HDPE and contained other unspecified contaminants in smaller quantities. The second sample in the form of a mixture of films was manually sorted and characterised by FTIR and was found to contain 80% HDPE film and 18 % PP. Subsequently, unsorted, and sorted batches consisting of PE were created and treated by mixing, leaching, both, or none to determine the effect of the treatments on the resulting mechanical properties. After the treatments, the batches were processed by kneading and tested by tensile tests. The results show that the leached batches have a higher tensile modulus, around 1.7 GPa, than the other batches, which is close to the reference material HDPE Liten MB 71, while the mixed batches have a higher purity as determined by SEM/EDS analysis. The treated samples also achieve very high elongation at break. The highest elongation achieved was above 500 %. In addition, blends of the reference material HDPE Liten MB 71 and 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of re-sorted, leached, and mixed PE films were made. The blends were again processed by kneading and subjected to tensile tests. Overall, the properties of the 20 % blend with a modulus of elasticity of 1.74 GPa and stress at yield point of 29.1 MPa, were closest to the reference material and represent a suitable compromise between the amount of added recyclate and the deterioration of mechanical properties.
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Technology of waste polylactide recyclation for 3D print
Kecíková, Alžbeta ; Tocháček, Jiří (referee) ; Přikryl, Radek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the recycling of waste polylactide from the production process and its subsequent use in 3D printing. To optimize the recycling process of polylactic acid, it was recycled with the addition of various additives such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), talc, limestone and chain extenders Joncryl 4368-CS and Raschig Stabilizer 9000. These materials were also investigated with the addition of the acetyl tributyl citrate plasticizer. Samples of the mixtures were prepared on a twin-screw extruder and subsequently a filament was obtained using a single-screw extruder, which was then used for 3D printing by fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Temperature towers were printed to obtain optimal processing temperatures for 3D printing. The effect of the additives on the characteristic temperatures and the degree of crystallinity of the PLA was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the processing on the molecular chain of selected samples was observed by gel permeation chromatography. Furthermore, in the experimental part of the bachelor thesis, the influence of additives on mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and elongation was investigated. The molecular weight was increased due to the chain extenders. Of the particle fillers for the PLA matrix, talc had better mechanical properties than limestone. The greatest effect of the plasticizer was in a mixture with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate).
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Technology of waste polylactide recyclation for 3D print
Kecíková, Alžbeta ; Tocháček, Jiří (referee) ; Přikryl, Radek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the recycling of waste polylactide from the production process and its subsequent use in 3D printing. To optimize the recycling process of polylactic acid, it was recycled with the addition of various additives such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), talc, limestone and chain extenders Joncryl 4368-CS and Raschig Stabilizer 9000. These materials were also investigated with the addition of the acetyl tributyl citrate plasticizer. Samples of the mixtures were prepared on a twin-screw extruder and subsequently a filament was obtained using a single-screw extruder, which was then used for 3D printing by fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Temperature towers were printed to obtain optimal processing temperatures for 3D printing. The effect of the additives on the characteristic temperatures and the degree of crystallinity of the PLA was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the processing on the molecular chain of selected samples was observed by gel permeation chromatography. Furthermore, in the experimental part of the bachelor thesis, the influence of additives on mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and elongation was investigated. The molecular weight was increased due to the chain extenders. Of the particle fillers for the PLA matrix, talc had better mechanical properties than limestone. The greatest effect of the plasticizer was in a mixture with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate).
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