|
|
Anthropogenic hybridization between selected cultivated and wild relatives from the genus Malus (Rosaceae)
Orlovská, Lívia ; Slovák, Marek (advisor) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
Hybridization is an important driver of plant evolution, but it can also pose a threat to the genetic integrity of species. A specific case is gene flow induced by human activity, or "anthropogenic hybridization." In addition to theoretical knowledge about hybridization, introgression, and the protection of genetic diversity, this thesis presents its importance and impacts using the example of a model system from the Malus genus. By analyzing the available studies on the subject, I compare and evaluate the state of European populations of the wild species Malus sylvestris, which is subject to hybridization and introgression mainly with the cultivated species Malus domestica. The data indicate a common hybridization between these species to varying degrees, with up to 37 % of hybrid individuals in the population. The human effect is significant, particularly through the intensification of landscape utilization, which results in more frequent secondary contacts between species and subsequent gene flow. However, the available studies about hybridization between these species are mostly local, and a comprehensive view of the issue is lacking. Indeed, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, there are presently no comparable empirical investigations utilizing genetic data. Overall, it implies that it is...
|
|
|
Hybridization of crab apple with domestic apple trees
Portl, Jiří ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes known information about hybridization (anthropohybridization) crab apple with orchard apple. Next it follows up mainly genetic and morphometric methods that haven't been used in the hybridization studies yet. Crab apple (Malus sylvestris) is the only one wild species in Malus genus in Europe. However in the last few decades these populations are endangered by orchard apple (Malus ×domestica), that originates from central Asia. It often outspreads into the free nature and thereby closer to wild apple plants, that leads to easier hybridization of these two woods. This process leads up to decreasing number of genetically pure crab apple individuals and also to slow hybrid plants expansion. This trend, which was called anthropohybridization, can be observed also in the Prunus genus, where there hybridizes wild species European dwarf cherry Prunus fruticosa with tart cherry Prunus cerasus. Recent studies though refers to following genetic aspects of Malus domestica, namely formation by triple hybridisation. Several locations of crab apple were observed and analysed in Europe in the last few years for study of anthropohybridization degree with Malus ×domestica. There were observed hybrid plants in common with genetically pure Malus sylvestris. Key words: crab apple,...
|
|
|
Hybridization of crab apple with domestic apple trees
Portl, Jiří ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes known information about hybridization (anthropohybridization) crab apple with orchard apple. Next it follows up mainly genetic and morphometric methods that haven't been used in the hybridization studies yet. Crab apple (Malus sylvestris) is the only one wild species in Malus genus in Europe. However in the last few decades these populations are endangered by orchard apple (Malus ×domestica), that originates from central Asia. It often outspreads into the free nature and thereby closer to wild apple plants, that leads to easier hybridization of these two woods. This process leads up to decreasing number of genetically pure crab apple individuals and also to slow hybrid plants expansion. This trend, which was called anthropohybridization, can be observed also in the Prunus genus, where there hybridizes wild species European dwarf cherry Prunus fruticosa with tart cherry Prunus cerasus. Recent studies though refers to following genetic aspects of Malus domestica, namely formation by triple hybridisation. Several locations of crab apple were observed and analysed in Europe in the last few years for study of anthropohybridization degree with Malus ×domestica. There were observed hybrid plants in common with genetically pure Malus sylvestris. Key words: crab apple,...
|
guest ::
