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Populační a ochranářská genetika rysa ostrovida na okraji Západních Karpat
Stehlíková, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with the population and conservation genetics of the Eurasian lynx on the edge of the Western Carpathians, including the territory of the Beskydy Protected Landscape Area on the Czech side and the Kysuce Protected Landscape Area on the Slovak side (total ?1500 km2). The aim of the study was to evaluate using non-invasive genetic samples the temporal changes of the genetic diversity and abundance of this marginal lynx subpopulation inhabiting the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains, Vsetínské Beskydy Mountains and Javorníky Mountains during the last five seasons from 2016/17 to 2020/21. Relatedness and spatial activity of selected individuals were also evaluated. The obtained genotypes were supplemented with previously genotyped individuals. In total, 37 individuals (12 females and 25 males) were detected over the period of five seasons. The estimated mean population size was 14 individuals and the effective population size varied between 3.7–7 individuals. The obtained results demonstrate the gradually decreasing genetic diversity of this subpopulation and increasing inbreeding; the inbreeding coefficient in the last season of 2020/21 recorded the highest value of FIS= 0.169. The results also showed that individuals actively reproduced there, at least 15 offspring were identified during this period, some of them settled and reproduced in the area. The spatial activity of the lynx confirmed the interconnectedness of the mountain ranges and the connection of this subpopulation to the West-Carpathian population, which is confirmed by the arrival of several unrelated individuals. In the monitored period, four individuals were also recorded to disperse westwards outside the study area, but all except of one died due to a collision with a vehicle.
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Assessment of breeding conditions in the Šumava National Park visitor centers
POPELÁKOVÁ, Zuzana
When evaluating breeding is necessary to comply with several conditions, as physical and mental state of the animal, age and health of the individual, equipment excursions and aviary, providing suitable climatic conditions in breeding lodging, feeding, power and quality. Welfare or well-being of animals is currently one of most discussed topic. Welfare conditions are determined by the ,,rule of the five freedoms'' according to Webster (1999), it is adherence is still not the rule. For these reasons, this bachelor thesis deals with the conditions of breeding and welfare of animals in visitor centers in Borová Lada, Srní and Kvilda. The aim was to evaluate and subsequently develop graphic designs and visualization of aviaries and excursions to meet the welfare requirements. After an overall evaluation of the information and materials obtained, the Srni visitor center is the only one to be completely satisfactory in terms of welfare.
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Population viability analysis of endangered species in Czech Republic
Šťastná, Andrea ; Helman, Karel (advisor) ; Bašta, Milan (referee)
Diploma thesis analyzes the viability of the selected species populations in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part contains a stochastic model simulating possible scenarios of the Eurasian lynx population size in the Czech Republic. For this model program Vortex was used. The second part is focused on Time series analysis of the Grey Partridge and the Common Kingfisher population, where data was obtained from the Czech Society for Ornithology. This analysis aims on identification of factors that may affect the viability of the two bird species.
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Population density of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Hartmanice district (SW Bohemia, Czech Republic)
Večeřová, Petra ; Červený, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Rohla, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis was based on frequently discussed topic of population density in hoofed game. The monitored area is in the south-west of Bohemia, in Hartmanice. The greater part of the territory extends into the conservation area and a smaller part od the Šumava National park, with this work focusing on the population density of roe deer. To determine population densities, two methods were used, one direct method and one indirect method. For the direct method, a census method was used for the roe deer from a high seat and the indirect method, a method of counting droppings was used on a sample of regulary cleaned surfaces. Counting was carried out on transects of 200 m2 (100 x 2 m) or (50 x 4 m). The present results indicate that the population of roe deer is seeing a long downward trend. Most roe deer prefer the brushwood at lower altitudes, at an altitude of 525 to 650 m above sea level (asl), with less occuring in the positions of the altitude of 950 to 1125 m asl. The habitat least preferred by roe deer was forests aged 81 years and older.
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Ekologie rysa ostrovida (Lynx lynx) a vlka obecného (Canis lupus) v oblasti Západních Karpat a jejich význam v lesním ekosystému
Kutal, Miroslav
The abundance and population density of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were studied during two winters 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in the in Beskydy and Kysuce protected landscape areas in the West Carpathians in the Czech-Slovak borderline. A combination of camera trapping, photographic capture-mark-recapture (CMR) and simultaneously conducted snow tracking revealed 11 independent lynx in both seasons in the total area of 1500 km2 and overall population density of 0.7 lynx/100 km2. High population turnover of 54.5% was documented between the two winters, indicating a strong anthropogenic pressure at the edge of the West Carpathian population. The main prey of Eurasian lynx in winter was a roe deer (81%) and red deer (16%). The occurrence of wolves (Canis lupus) was considered to be sporadic and probably limited to only a few individuals. The nearest reproductive packs were documented at a distance of 10--50 km from the Czech border in the Slovak Carpathians.
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Using the activation enrichment Lynx (Lynx lynx) in zoo Ohrada, Hluboká nad Vltavou.
FRÖHLICH, Marek
Environmental enrichment helps to improve the environmental complexity of animals kept in captivity, it supports animals comfort, stimulates active behaviour and reduces stereotypical behaviour to which predators incline. The work was carried out at The Ohrada zoo in the city of Hluboká nad Vltavou. A couple of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) was the research subject. The aim of the work was to evaluate and compare the control observation with the lynx?s behaviour when they were stimulated by enrichment. Enrichment should have stimulted animals to behave actively.
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Current relationship of public to repatriated population of European lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Bohemian Forest.
ROCHOVÁ, Markéta
In the territory of the Czech Republic, Eurasian lynx was exterminated in the beginning of the 19th century. Thanks to the reintroduction programs it has been living here again since 1980s. The maximum of its population was at its peak in 1996; however, since then it has been falling, especially due to illegal hunting. There are about 70 lynxes in Šumava, which is our greatest group. Questionnaires were made for schools in order to evaluate different attitudes to protection of nature in different types of schools, questionnaires for public and gamekeepers were aimed at attitudes to lynxes. The aim of the research was to give recommendation to improve objective and correct foreknowledge of the inhabitants about lynxes in the surroundings aimed at youths and preschool-age children. 432 children and students, 26 gamekeepers and 130 inhabitants of Sušice and its surrounding were approached. Very good knowledge about lynxes was found out in the group of pupils and students; on the other side, gamekeepers have mostly negative relationship with these animals. The relationship between public and lynxes is mostly positive.
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Functional connectivity and quality of biocentres in the border area of Šumava and Bavarian Forest National Parks
EFFENBERKOVÁ, Lenka
The Bohemian Forest, a mountain range located in Central Europe on the border between the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria, has many well-known qualities. The areas of Modravské slatě moors and Trojmezná, are considered to be the most valuable biocenters in the Czech part of the Bohemian Forest. This Master thesis confirms the quality of these areas in a transboundary context Natura 2000 habitats and their representativeness. A new transboundary (European) biocentre is proposed and its importance for several species is discussed.
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Project support of public opinion about European lynx (Lynx lynx) in children and youth in the region Prachaticko.
ŠVERÁKOVÁ, Barbora
Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) is included in the IUCN. It was extirpated in the Czech Republic at the beginning of the 19th century and is found thanks to the reintroduction since 1980 in the Czech Republic again. It is only wild feline in the Czech Republic. Lynx population has lost its growing trend and is decreasing mainly due to poaching. The project ?Support of public opinion about European lynx (Lynx lynx) in children and youth in the region Prachaticko? was created as a precaution against poaching. The project involved over 275 children and students. They gained new information through the teaching program in school subjects Biology, Art and Gymnastics and they made your own opinion about Lynx. Lynx is only carnivorous animal, which was and still is part of the Bohemian Forest.
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