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Indicators of Spatial Sustainable Development
Maštálka, Martin ; Kyselka, Mojmír (referee) ; Mansfeldová, Alena (referee) ; Mgr.Michal Pondělíček (referee) ; Šilhánková, Vladimíra (advisor)
The aim of the thesis was to analyse indicators and data sets used in the field of sustainable spatial plannig. On the base of the analyses there were spatial indicators of the sustainable development designed. The basic condition to design new indicators it was the accessibility to the elementary datas. The other condition was to design very simply methodology that could be use also for measuring in very small location. The thesis designed idnicators in three main areas of the spatial planning: • landuse, • accessibility of the services, • inner city/town/village traffic. One of the demands for the new indicators set was it´s efficiency for all kinds of the cities in the Czech Republic. This demand was fullfilled by the 3 level methodolgy – the main indicator was measurable for all kinds of settlemets – small villages, small and middle towns and also for cities. The basic methodology (for small villages) was very simple. Indicators were computed from very easy accesible data sets. And this methodology could also be used for larger settlements without any problems. The second level – for small and middle towns – sometimes needs special surveys or special hardware and software. The top of the pyramid is the methodology for cities. In this level there are used detailed analyses and computing methods. The thesis designes the methodology and also checks the practical application up.
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Porovnání množství vázaného uhlíku v nadzemní i podzemní biomase v různých typech využití půdy v okolí města Oxapampa, Peru
Chalupová, Karolína
The present work compares amount of sequestered carbon in different types of land use in the vicinity of Oxapampa in Peru. Research was conducted in the autumn of 2022 with focus on three main types of land use: coffee agroforestry plantations, montane tropical forests and silvopastoral systems. Data collection was carried out with Field-Map technology, where 47 study plots on 6 transects were compared. To estimate aboveground and belowground biomass allometric equations were used. The evaluation of soil carbon stocks was determined based on soil analysis using a Soli-TOC device (Elementar). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the amount of carbon bound in the biomass of agroforestry coffee plantations and forest ecosystems. Soil carbon stocks were highest in forest stands in the upper soil layers. At lower depths (20–30 cm) the difference between the studied ecosystems was no longer registered. Average soil carbon values (%) for coffee agroforestry systems and particular depths were as follows: H (7,6 ± 3,8); 0–10 (5,1 ± 1,8); 10–20 (3,8 ± 0,8); 20–30 (3,4 ± 0,7). For study plots in forest ecosystems: H (34,2 ± 12,1); 0–10 (22,4 ± 14,7); 10–20 (9,5 ± 6,2); 20–30 (7,3 ± 5,8). Soil carbon stocks values for silvopasture systems were: H (12,1 ± 4,7); 0–10 (7,3 ± 3,3); 10–20 (5,3 ± 2,3); 20–30 (3,7 ± 2,1).
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Analýza udržitelného rozvoje vybraných států Afriky, se speciálním zřetelem na využití půdy a návrhy rámcových opatření
Bárta, Vojtěch
Abstract Title: Analysis of sustainable development in selected African countries, with special reference to land use and proposals for framework measures. This work consisted of selecting 3 developing countries in Africa according to selected criteria and then analysing pre-determined areas of these selected countries. Subsequently, proposals and measures leading to the promotion of sustainable development of the analyzed countries were built on the analysis. The results of the work were based on the proposals and measures that were established for the individual states, and for the analyzed states in aggregate, concluding the work with a summary of the results in order to prepare them for possible use by anyone, in the further development of this issue. The selected states represented three very diverse territories, including a state whose territory extends into the Sahara Desert. The draft frameworks, which were designed to promote their sustainable development, focused on combating the degradation of the torpid soil type following deforestation, providing water for agriculture and other purposes, combating desertification, agricultural policy and combating corruption. These draft measures were designed to be as feasible as possible, taking into account the lack of resources available to developing countries and other limitations of these territories.
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Hodnocení změny využití krajiny v lokalitě Brno-Kohoutovice ve vztahu k infiltraci srážkové vody, změně klimatu a její vnímání místními obyvateli
Novotná, Karolína
The master thesis "Evaluation of the change of landscape use in the Brno-Kohoutovice area in relation to infiltration of rainwater, climate change and its perception by local inhabitants" contains an analysis of the development of land use between 1953 and 2020. The theoretical part contains information about the hydrological balance of the landscape, factors influencing the infiltration of rainwater and the importance of groundwater in landscape ecosystems. The area is characterised by natural conditions and historical development. The information has been confirmed and documented in field research and forest health assessment. The data obtained were used to calculate the amount of rainwater runoff, which increased by more than 100 %. The questionnaire focused on residents perceptions of changing moisture conditions in the landscape. The results of the questionnaire were processed and confirmed that residents perceive changes in the landscape. Based on the findings, measures were proposed to improve rainwater collection. The findings and suggested measures can be used to promote sustainable and efficient water management.
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Assessment of the evolutionary landuse and landcover changes in chosen parts of the Stropnice studied area
JIROUŠKOVÁ, Lenka
The ecologic explanation of term landscape is meant as the system of natural and fellow conditional elements those common relationships could be harmonic or unbalanced. The goal of studies in this conception is usually the structure, function and dynamics of the landscape. The most important factors causing the change of natural landscape into cultural landscape are agriculture and forestry. My work is aimed to show the landscape structure analysis results in the area of Bedřichovský potok basin. This area represents the example of very intensive agricultural used area of the south part of Czech Republic. Attachments of aerial pictures from years 1956, 2004, 2006 represents the course of changes of Czech landscape in second half of 20Th Century. On the basis of picture interpretation and GIS tools were quantified basic landscape usage types characteristics.
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Environmental modelling of landuse changes in the neighbourhood of coal mines with the GIS
Antalová, Daniela ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Kopačková, Veronika (referee)
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING OF LAND USE CHANGES IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF COAL MINES WITH THE GIS Abstract Human society causes an increasing pressure on land and its use. The requirements and demands of humanity has significantly changed in the last few decades. This is the foundation of continuous environmental impacts, particularly in those areas where mining companies exploit natural resources on a large scale for personal and economic well-being, and thus significantly transform the land surface. The objective of this thesis is to refer to changes in land use in the vicinity of surface coal mines in the districts of Chomutov, Most, Teplice and Sokolov where these coal mines take up large areas. We do so with the help of remote-sensing-based documentation and GIS applications. Mining dramatically transforms the appearance of surrounding landscapes and has a high impact on the environment. The thesis shows the change of land use based on both the images from the Landsat satellite and the inclusion in basic Corine categories in which was created layer of land cover for 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2012, and further shows the ecological stability of the landscape from 1986 up to now. The evolution and changes of ecological stability are analyzed with the help of ecological coefficient, cluster analysis, linear...
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Evaluation of suburbanization in Prague's hinterland - influence on landuse, landscape stability and structure.
Kubečková, Jana ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Štych, Přemysl (referee)
Evaluation of suburbanization in Prague's hinterland - influence on landuse, landscape stability and structure Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the background of suburbanization in Prague, to evaluate the development of landscape, landscape structure and landuse. The first part of this work is devoted to analysis of domestic and foreign literature, which deals with suburbanization and evaluation of landscape structure. Another part is devoted to practical evaluation of the landscape using air photos and satelite pictures and orthophotos in three cadastral in 1994, 2004 and 2007. It concerns the cadastral Šeberov, Hole u Průhonic and Újezd. The evaluations are based on selected factors. It is found that the proportion of buildings and vegetations is increasing all the time and also found that for example scrub and forests were protected from new development. Furthermore, the most significant changes in land use were described and the landscape structure was evaluated according to selected factors. The outputs of this work were maps of land use in different years, maps of stable und unstable areas in different periods, maps of vegetation changes and tables summarizing the results of the evaluation parameters of the structure. Keywords: suburbanization, landscape structure, landuse, patch,...
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Climatic settings of Carpathians' treelines
Klášterková, Hana ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
6 Climatic settings of Carpathians' treelines Abstract Alpine treeline ecotone is phenomenon widely studied around the world. Its shift to greater altitudes is connected mainly with climatic changes recently. However, many authors take into account changes in landuse as well. The aim of this thesis was to depict dynamics of treeline and factors influencing temperature metrics which delimitate advancing of the treeline to higher altitudes. For 6 sites within Carpathians were found the uppermost positions of treeline and several temperature metrics based on available meteorological data were calculated for these locations. Results of calculated thermal metrics revealed that treeline positions in most of the studied areas are situated at altitudes under their climatic limit. Varful Omu with TJUN-SEP = 7,1 řC was the only one location which meets the stated interval of minimal mean temperatures for growing season (Paulsen & Körner 2004) necessary for tree growth. This fact points out that treelines found within Carpathian Mts. are under pressure of other limiting factors than thermal ones. Persistent anthropogenic activities have a significant influence on treeline positions in some regions of Carpathian Mts. Altitudes of treeline stands are most negatively influenced by human activites in the Western and...
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