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Vliv plemenné příslušnosti na masnou užitkovost býků v konkrétním podniku
Pavlíček, Václav
ABSTRAKT In this work I compared daily gain of intensive fattening beef meat bulls in a chosen farm. I was interested in: incoming weiht, average daily gain and weight during the fattening. Theoretical part points ohter aspects which influence fattening. I studied 3 groups a total of 81 bulls. Mainly these breeds were monitored Charolais, Simmental and Limousine hybrids. Charolais bulls had the highest daily gain which is 2,25 kg/day. The highest slaughter weight was the bull of Simmental. Keywords: daily gain, beef meat, fattening bulls, live weight, purebred breed, hybrid
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Hybridizace jeseterů
SHIVARAMU, Sahana
The present study focused on different types of hybridization and their impacts on compare reproductive features (fertilization rate and hatching rate) and, fitness-related traits such as growth rate, cumulative survival rate, critical swimming speeds and specific growth rate in different sturgeon species, as well as level of heterozygosity among sturgeon hybrids and purebreds using set of microsatellite loci. Production of intraspecific hybrids between different populations is one of the effective strategy in aquaculture in order to obtain better offspring. Additionally, it is pivotal to monitor the genetic condition of the stocks before producing hybrids. The population genetic analysis of Danube and Volga population of sterlet showed that both the populations are genetically divergent. Additionally it revealed the gene diversity and level of heterozygosity was high in Danube population compared to Volga population. The intraspecific hybrids produced between Danube and Volga sterlet were subjected to performance tests. The significant effects of hybrid vigor were recorded in terms of average weight and cumulative survival of produced hybrids as well as reproductive features like fertilization rate and hatching rate. The results from critical swimming speed in changing temperatures assessments revealed no significant differences among the purebred and hybrid crosses which indicated no effect of intraspecific hybridization on critical swimming speed in juvenile stage. The mean number of alleles and level of heterozygosity was significantly higher in one of the reciprocal hybrid. This suggests us that it is not just production of hybrids but it is always necessary to take the position of the individual population in a hybridization matrix. Detailed investigation of fitness-related traits (growth rate and cumulative survival) in purebreds of Russian sturgeon and Siberian sturgeon and their interspecific hybrids were undertaken. Russian sturgeon and Siberian sturgeon belongs to same ploidy level (Recent tetraploids). Our results revealed both the hybrids (reciprocal) performed better than both the parent species in one of the fitness-related traits examined. One of the hybrid (Russian sturgeon × Siberian sturgeon) recorded best growth rate and its reciprocal hybrid recorded the best survival rate (Siberian sturgeon × Russian sturgeon). Although no significant difference was observed in the heterozygosity levels among the purebred and hybrid crosses, the mean number of alleles was significantly higher in Siberian sturgeon × Russian sturgeon hybrid. Experimental interbreeding of sturgeon species (sterlet and Siberian sturgeon) bearing different ploidy levels and chromosome numbers, followed by molecular investigation of obtained progeny and examination of fitness-related traits revealed one of the hybrid performed better than purebreds. Additionally the heterozygosity levels were significantly high in one of the hybrid. The general rule of the negative interaction which could occur between the parental genes with different ploidy and its apparent impact on the intergeneric hybrid genome was not supported in our study. Therefore, given the evidences and observations provided by this study in controlled conditions, the above mentioned intraspecific and interspecific hybrids could be suggested for intensive aquaculture and might be also suitable for polyculture stocks. With respect to the growth properties of the monitored hybrids, these hybrids may present a significant competitive risk for wild populations of pure sturgeon species, in the event of their release into wild. Added to that, due to the easy hybridization of sturgeons in aquaculture conditions, as well as in natural waters, presents a considerable potential for this issue for further scientific research aimed at using different types of hybrids in aquaculture, as well as their impact on pure species in natural waters.
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Performance testing of interline hybrids in tench.
HOMOLA, Ondřej
This thesis is focused on evaluation of performance traits as growth, survival and carcass yield in hybrids of chosen tench breeds. In this test were used hybrids of these breeds of tench: Vodňanské (V), Táborské (T), Maďarské (M) and Hlubocké (H), which served as maternal breed. As a control group the golden tench was used.
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Využití botanických druhů rév a jejich kříženců ve šlechtění a zahradnické praxi
Janečka, Vratislav
Grape vine has been associated with the development of human society since ancient times. It was planted by humans near their dwellings as far as thousand years ago. The grape vine has since undergone many transformations and became worldwide spread and major agricultural produce which is grown for wine production, table grapes and decoration purposes. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to gather and summarise available knowledge about the use of botanical species of common grape vine and its hybrids in breeding and gardening practice. The works of czech authors as well as publications of foreign authors were investigated. It bacame apparent from the published works that vine breeding for resistance is a never ending process the aim of which is to select individual plants either resistant to pathogens or those with sufficient hardiness against them. Another difficult task of botanists and vine breeding experts is naming the individual species of grape vine. Countless species were discovered throughout the history however the number of names of species has exceeded the actual number of species multiple times. Nowadays, modern genetic anlyses are being used for species identification which significantly lessens the task of identifying the species. These analyses employ microsatelite markers which are the most commonly used DNA markers today. These analyses were developed over the past 10-15 years.
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