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The future tense in contemporary Italian
Procházková, Anna ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis, Futurum in present-day Italian, attempts to tender a summary overview of Italian future tense, respectively future perfect tense, including all of its uses. The attention isn't paid only to the traditional use of future tense, but is also concentrated on modal occurrences, especially with reference to Renzi's Grande grammatica italiana di consultazione II. A confrontation with Czech is incorporated in all cases. By virtue of this comparison is taken special notice of the difference in category of verbal aspect, which is from the standpoint of Czech future tense really fundamental. Apart from the characteristics of simple and composite future tense this thesis deals with alternatives, which are possible in Italian language and which can be used in place of future tense just in the meaning of future actions. Also here is apparent either similar or different attitude of Italian and Czech language. The gathered theoretical knowledge is illustrated with examples. On the basis of these examples is, on the one hand, corroborated the validity of Italian grammar rules, but on the other hand, it is absolutely obvious that these rules (in a similar way as the Czech ones) are often modified by actual usage.
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The Italian imperfect
Vrublová, Veronika ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
The thesis focuses on the Italian Imperfect tense, and the main emphasis is given to its modal use. The first part of the thesis presents the Imperfect in its temporal use, then a limit between the temporal use and the modal one is set. The next part is completely dedicated to situations where the Imperfect attains its modal character. An important quality of the Imperfect tense is the imperfective aspect and therefore it is considered in the thesis as well. The final part tries to find an answer to the huge flexibility and such a strong inclination of the Imperfect to modal uses.
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Punctuation in Italian language - rules and usage
Papayová, Tereza ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
The title of this thesis is Punctuation - rules and usage. Before we start the description of the punctuation and its rules, we devote a few pages to the historical development of punctuation marks, starting with dots at three different heights marking pauses in recited text at the beginning, through new style of punctuation established by Bembo and Manuzio, finishing with special forms of punctuation of the information age and on-line communication. For comparison I've included a short chapter describing the evolution of punctuation in Czech. The main source of information for this historical introduction was the book Storia della punteggiatura in Europa. The introduction is followed by a more detailed treatise on punctuation, its specific functions and its importance for the comprehension of written text. The section concerning the prosodic functions of punctuation will briefly discuss the problem of the relation between written and spoken language. The following section will describe the individual punctuation marks explaining their function and rules governing their usage according to grammars. Three different grammars were consulted as neither gives a comprehensive summary of punctuation rules and the fact that they use slightly inconsistent terminology. Apart from the grammars, I've derived...
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Verb-noun compounds in Italian and in Portuguese
Čižinská, Klára ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
Verb-noun compounds in Italian and in Portuguese. Verb-noun compounding represents from the synchronic aspect a very productive word-formation process. The research in corpus La Repubblica and CETEMPúblico revealed that according to the number of created lemmas in both languages the most efficient type is porta+N. In Italian follow types as salva+N, mangia+N, acchiappa+N and ammazza+N, in Portuguese caça+N, guarda+N a papa+N. Compound V-N is clasified as subordinate and exocentric. Subject, to which Italian and Portuguese compound V-N is referring to, is the most often an instrument. In Portuguese a referent category of plants and animals is also present very frequently. The compound elements in Italian are usually amalgamated, in contrast to Portuguese where forms with hyphen are the most common. The output category of V-N formation is a substantive which is mostly in unmarked gender and in invariable plural form. In syntax the compound can perform both function of a substantive and an adjective. Compounds as noun-modifiers occur mostly at very productive types.
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Syntactic differences between Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard
Streublová, Denisa ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
Syntactic Differences between Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard This diploma thesis focuses on two usages of Italian language: Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard, and syntactic differences between these too. The aim of the paper is to list these differences, describe them and prove them as vital via an analysis of several contemporary Italian texts. The thesis is divided into two basic parts. The first part is rather theory-focused and its aim is to define both terms Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard, present the development of the language since the 1860, when Italiano Letterario was set, describe the main features of Neostandard (including the differences between written and spoken variations), briefly outline the changes of the literary language during the course of the 20th century and list and describe in detail the syntactic features of Neostandard. First we described the language situation at time of Italian unification. There was an urge for a single language to be appropriate for every communication situation. The Lombardian writer Alessandro Manzoni, who dedicated all his life to the question of language, came up with the solution he had also applied in the ultimate version of his masterpiece The Betrothed (I Promessi Sposi). The novel was written in the...
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Italian noun denoting colors and their collocations - a corpus analysis
ŠTIKAROVÁ, Pavla
The subject of this thesis is to investigate the Italian names of colours, placing them into context and issue of translation of the names of colours into Czech. The thesis has two parts. The first part theoretical deals in general with colours and colour terms, colour perception, symbologies, research and etymology. This thesis also analyse the process of colour perception throughout history and in the evolution of humans. In the practical part we will then get through five subdivisions to the terms from the area of biology (the names of plants and animals), in which there occurs any of Italian names of colours then we get to idiomatic expressions, uniting with the verb, comparison and collocation, in which there also occur terms indicating colours. In all of these five areas, we analyse similarity between the two languages by using analogous databases in Czech language and translation into Czech language. The aim of this thesis is delimitation of colour terms in the Italian language, their definition, putting into context, confrontation of loose and established closer links and also their comparison with Czech.
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Italian numerals in comparison with Czech
SIROVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this dissertation is to compare Italian and Czech numerals. In the second chapter the emphasis will be given on the viewpoints of Italian and Czech authors and how they distinguish the subtypes of numerals. The following chapters will focus on the ways in which the numerals are inscribed in sentences. Moreover, cardinal numerals will be compared with ordinal numerals in both languages and their syntax will be confronted as well as their relationships with counted object. Scientific literature and Italian Czech corpuses will be used for referencing.
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Italian conjunctions and their Czech equivalents
TYŠEROVÁ, Ludmila
This thesis deals with the Italian conjunctions. The work is divided into a theoretical and an application part. The theoretical part focuses on the definition of the conjunctions and the method of their division according to individual viewpoints. In the second part, in the application one, the sample of conjunctions is created together with the use of the corpus and the Italian dictionary. The part of this sample is then analysed in formal, semantic, and translatological terms. The formation of the list of the Italian conjunctions with the proposed Czech equivalents is part of the work. The aim of this thesis is to make the complete overview of Italian conjunctions and their Czech equivalents.
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Italian and Czech Terminology in European Legislative Texts Focused on the Domain: Recognition of Diplomas and Qualifications in the European Union
BENEŠOVÁ, Ivana
Topic of this bachelor's thesis was to observe Czech translations of Italian originals of legislative texts of European Union in field? Verification of diplomas and qualifications in European Union?. The first part defines the linguistic concepts, terms and collocations, it delimits the conception of the corpus and of the corpus linguistic. The second part introduces the source of European Law and chosen legislative texts, describes their adjustment and subsequent work with ParaConc application. The third part deals with the specific terms, hierarchy and grammar structure of the collocations. The forth part considers the correctness of the Czech translations proceeded from Italian terminology of European Law. Summary follows then. In the appendix there is an Italian-Czech vocabulary of the explored terms and collocations.
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Synchrony Dynamics of Prepositions Introducing Local Adverbials after Selected Verbs Expressing Movement
PETLACHOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor thesis deals with prepositional syntagmas in local adverbial in Italian language. In the theoretical part there are firstly introduced constituent types of local adverbials, their function and the most common prepositional context of incidence; special attention is primarily paid to adverbial of movement at some place. Afterwards, the theory of synchrony dynamics is introduced, with which the variation of prepositions in identical context can be explained. In the practical part follows an exposition about concrete cases of local adverbials after nine selected movement verbs according to data collected from the text corpus "La Repubblica". This research is focused mostly on the cases when the identical incidence admits more synonymous prepositions.
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