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Lantern of the Gods: Solar Deity in Ugaritic Literature; including translation of selected texts
Rýdlová, Kateřina ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (advisor) ; Roubalová, Marie (referee)
Main goal of present thesis is to compose an overall, complete, and coherent view of the solar deity's role in ancient Ugarit by detailed study of Ugaritic texts regarding Sun Goddess Shapsh, particularly focusing on images and expressions used to characterize mentioned deity. Several texts referring to solar deity are chosen for this purpose: fragments from the Baal cycle - the most extensive Ugaritic work preserved, as well as three other tables (KTU 1.100, KTU 1.107, KTU 1.161) are decided on as those are the ones most related to the Sun Goddess Shapsh. An integral part of this study is translation with commentary and detailed grammatical analysis of selected texts. The thorough study of selected texts yields portrayal of Ugaritic solar deity as a, to a certain degree, chthonic deity connecting the world of gods, men and even the dead. Ugaritic Sun Goddess Shapsh wandering through the heavens and the underworld daily, acts in the name of El, the supreme deity, as the omniscient protector of order, symbol of justice and royal might. Non-Baalic texts furnish other aspects of sun goddess in particular: bond with horses (1.100) and her capabilities of treating the wounds of snake bite (1.107).
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Between Sheol and Hades: The Shifts in understanding of the Nether World in the Hebrew Bible and in the Septuagint
Zeman, Ondřej ; Sláma, Petr (advisor) ; Čapek, Filip (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the development of the concept of the underworld and its function in Jewish notion, especially one essential developmental segment - the redesignation of its name from "Sheol" to "Hades" in Hellenistic Judaism. One of the goals of this thesis is to find out to what extent Hades is a suitable term for the translation of Sheol. Firstly, both terms are explained in their original context, Sheol as a realm in which the shadows of the dead reside in the Old Testament cosmology, and Hades as the underworld and god in a purely Greek environment. In addition, several terms related to both concepts are also explained, especially the characteristics of the inhabitants of both realms, their fate after death and the substance of their posthumous dwelling. Since the most important document of Hellenistic Judaism is the Septuagint, the main part of this thesis is dedicated to the analysis of its Greek translations of Sheol and terms related to it. Increased attention is paid to tracking the consistency of these translations and the Greek influences that manifest in them. In the final chapter Sheol and Hades are compared, the elements which they have in common and those which differ, and the results of the analysis of LXX translations are assessed.
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Modern Czech Translations of the Hebrew Bible
Czvalinga, Matěj ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
Present Thesis focuses on the modern Czech translations of the Hebrew Bible. As the first modern translation we consider Jan N. Hejčl's translation of the Old Testament from years 1914-1925. All translations of the entire canon of the Hebrew Bible are included in this paper as well as the complete translations of books belonging to this canon, which have been published in printed editions. The aim of this paper is to outline the characteristics of the modern Czech translations and to highlight some of their specifics, especially when compared with the preserved Masoretic text. Two case studies appended to theoretical part of the Thesis suggest a possible approach to the study of the Old Testament translations.
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