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Dáva v kritike socializmu zmysel Hayekov prechod od debaty o racionalite ekonomickej kalkulácie k argumentácii kultúrnou a náboženskou evolúciou? Príklad Československa
Haško, Michal
The aim of this work is to examine whether Hayek's theory of cultural and religious evolution is applicable on Czechoslovak developments in 1980s. To that end, we first examine the relationship of Hayek's involvement in socialist calculation debate in 1930s-40s with his cultural evolutionary argument against socialism in his later thought. We provide text analysis of his work and resources concerning his argument on the knowledge problem of socialism in Czechoslovakia. We find that cultural evolutionary argument is of institutional nature and we follow Hayek in delineation of the history of civilization based on institutions sanctioned by cultures and religions. The last part is concerned about the revolution and its illustrative performances by the example of Poland. The last part is empirical. We delineate the cultural and religious developments in 1980s in Poland and its consequent fall of socialist regime. Subsequently we analyze cultural and religious developments in Czechoslovakia and arrive at our main contribution. Hayek's theory can be applied on the case of Czechoslovak developments.
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Discussion on exchange-rate regimes: Hayek versus Friedman
Hájek, Jan ; Potužák, Pavel (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis follows up approaches of F. A. von Hayek and Milton Friedman on international monetary arrangements. Analytical part contains research of work of both authors. In Hayek's work, the theory of income chain flows is highlighted first and second, synchronization of growth of export sectors and fall of import sectors across the whole national economy during depreciation is stressed in the flexible exchange rate regime. From Friedman's work those parts are chosen which are consistent with Hayek's theory. Primarily, differences between effects of speculation demand for foreign currency are mentioned. In the synthesis of both approaches, three international monetary systems are defined (international real gold standard, pseudo-gold standard and clear floating). The aim is to choose a system, which is the best for creation of wealth, therefore the one, where prices do not lose their information value. The thesis shows that the system with international real gold standard is the most suitable. Furthermore, the hypothesis that says, that approaches of both authors are compatible, is refused. The last chapter deals with the international monetary perspective of the Czech Republic.
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The invisible hand of market: Adam Smith and G. W. F. Hegel
Krištofóry, Tomáš ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Lipka, David (referee)
Hayek's interpretation of Smith's invisible hand as a metaphor for the theory of spontaneous order still holds as the only authentic interpretation of that famous phrase, despite all criticism. Although not many authors noticed it, Hegel was a theorist of spontaneous order, namely also a theorist of the spontaneous order of market economy. There is evidence that Hegel followed here Adam Smith's teachings about the invisible hand. The invisible hand is present in Hegel's writings as an element, from what sprang his theory of spirit. That means that his theory of spirit is a general theory of spontaneous order, although written in metaphysical manner. However, being a theorist of spontaneous order didn't prevent him from being an interventionist. He was led to interventionism by his synoptic fallacy of mind. He never tried to apply this fallacy on the studies of the market economy. Marxists did that. Some of recent scholars (Sciabarra, Johnson, and Cristi) identified Hegel's theory of spontaneous order, but their interpretation wasn't perfectly in accordance with Hegel's texts. How these authors denied Popper's and Hayek's incorrect opinion that Hegel was a totalitarian, thus it is needed to enrich studies of mentioned current scholars. Here it is taken into account only what Hegel wrote, not later authors about him. This thesis is also an attempt to evaluate the history of economic thought from the standpoint of Smith's and Hegel's methodology.
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