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Chronic constipation in the elderly as a nursing problem
BRÁVKOVÁ, Sabina
The aim of the bachelor's thesis titled "Chronic Constipation in the Elderly as a Nursing Problem" was to explore the methods chosen by patients with chronic constipation for bowel evacuation and where they seek information regarding prevention and treatment of chronic constipation. Additionally, the study investigated who educates patients in this regard. The research objectives were achieved through formulated research questions and semi-structured interviews. In the theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis, we focused on describing constipation, its classification, causes, risk factors, and common symptoms. I also discussed proper diagnosis of chronic constipation and the selection of suitable therapies, which can be either non-pharmacological or pharmacological. Currently, alternative approaches for treating and preventing chronic constipation are well-known. The final section of the thesis is dedicated to geriatrics and gerontology. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis involved qualitative research investigations and interviews with nine clients. The interviews were transcribed, and data has been categorised. The research investigation provided information into methods for preventing and treating chronic constipation. Notably, there were contributions in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Clients often employ their own alternative methods to aid with bowel evacuation. The research concludes that clients lack sufficient information, and they struggle to find reliable sources. Furthermore, there is a shortage of healthcare professionals who can adequately educate them. Based on the results of the bachelor thesis, a leaflet for patients suffering from chronic constipation was created.
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Issues of geriatric palliative care
ŘÍHOVÁ, Marcela
Introduction: As the number of elderly people increases, so do the demands for specialized palliative care. Therefore, this bachelor thesis deals with the issue of palliative care in geriatric individuals. Objectives of the thesis: This thesis aims to find out what knowledge nurses, in selected wards, have about geriatric palliative care and what is the continuity, of geriatric palliative care, between hospitals and nursing homes. Methodology: The qualitative research technique of the semi-structured interview method was used. Using the snowball sampling method, the research population consisted of nurses selected based on specified criteria. A total of 11 interviews were conducted with general nurses working in the South Bohemia and West Bohemia regions. The results were processed using the "pencil paper" method. Within the framework of open coding, 6 categories, 18 subcategories, and 154 codes were identified. Results: Nurses in selected departments are informed about geriatric palliative care issues and are still interested in further education. The results also indicate deficiencies in the amount of information being conveyed. Sending patients/clients in inappropriate conditions was repeatedly mentioned. Communication among nurses takes place through transfer messages or, if necessary, minimal telephone contact. Nurses provide standard care for geriatric palliative patients, but in some areas, they have an individual approach based on the needs and desires of the patient. Conclusion: The research results once again underscore the necessity of paying greater attention to the quality and organization of handover between hospital facilities and senior care homes.
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Evaluation of the rationality of prescribing of selected potentially inappropriate medications in ambulatory geriatric patients (II.)
Želivská, Nela ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Pokladníková, Jitka (referee)
Institution/Department: Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of the rationality of prescribing of selected potentially inappropriate medications in ambulatory geriatric patients (II.) Diploma thesis supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Daniela Fialova, PharmDr. Ph.D. Author: Nela Zelivska Introduction: The percentage of geriatric patients in the population is constantly increasing, thus the importance and need for knowledge of rational geriatric pharmacotherapy in everyday clinical practice is also on the rise. Polymorbidity and polypharmacotherapy are very common in geriatric patients, for this reason it is also necessary to regularly review drug regimens in older age and address potential drug- related problems. Criteria for potentially inappropriate medications in the aged (PIMs) have been defined by expert groups as a helpful tool to improve the rationality of drug prescribing in older adults. The risks of PIMs in older patients often outweigh their benefits or there is insufficient scientific evidence of adequate efficacy/safety of these drugs in older adults, for which reason the use of PIMs in older patients should be limited and their rationality of prescribing regularly monitored. This diploma thesis...
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Specific nursing care for a frail senior
FRISCHOVÁ, Karolína
The aim of the bachelor thesis entitled "Specific nursing care for a frail senior" was to map the specifics of nursing care for a fragile senior and to find out the use of evaluation tests in practice, or to find the most adequate tool for the evaluation of seniors. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis, I focused on the definition of the concept of old age and aging and the problems associated with it, as well as on a detailed description of geriatric frailty from a theoretical point of view and, last but not least, on the assessment scales for a comprehensive assessment of seniors. The chapter is also devoted to proper nutrition in old age, which should not be forgotten in health care and personal life and is often key in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Part of the bachelor thesis is also devoted to risk areas that threaten seniors with geriatric frailty. The last subchapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the importance of motivation in the process of returning the senior's self-sufficiency and not giving up the goal and hope when being bedridden. The practical part of the bachelor thesis was filled with quantitative research investigation, using evaluation tests: SPPB to assess the physical fitness of seniors (see Appendix 1), questionnaire SARC-F (see Annex 2) to determine the degree of sarcopenia and Criteria for the evaluation of fragility according to Friedová (see Appendix 3). Part of the research was carried out in the Home for the Elderly in Bechyně, the other part consisted of members of my family and neighbors over 70 years of age. Testing was anonymous and completely voluntary. The research was processed by means of tables and graphs and statistical processing of hypotheses was done by Chi-square test and correlation method. The aim was early identification of frail patient in health care settings and finding a suitable measurement tool for clinical practice.
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Evaluation of the rationality of prescribing of selected potentially inappropriate medications in ambulatory geriatric patients
Leština, Roman ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Dvořáčková, Eliška (referee)
Institution/department: Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of the rationality of prescribing of selected potentially inappropriate medications in ambulatory geriatric patients Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Daniela Fialova, PharmDr. Ph.D. Author: Roman Lestina Introduction: Rational therapy in the geriatric population is an essential area due to the ever-increasing percentage of geriatric patients in the population. Due to the frequent polypharmacotherapy in these patients, including possible polypragmatism, it is important to constantly monitor potential drug problems and address potential drug risks in a timely manner. As an auxiliary tool in rational geriatric pharmacotherapy, expert groups have defined many potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), which often contribute to drug reactions in the elderly, and which should be given more attention in clinical practice. This diploma thesis focused on 10 selected, most frequently used PIMs in the geriatric outpatient clinic of the University Hospital in Hradec Králové, and its aim was to monitor how often these drugs are prescribed in high-risk situations in geriatric patients (i.e., in the presence of symptoms, laboratory results and diseases, which...
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The physiological impact of digestive changes in geriatric patients and their impact on dietary and fluid intake
Krotilová, Martina ; Maruna, Pavel (advisor) ; Živný, Jan (referee)
Introduction: This bachelor thesis focuses on the aging process, physiological changes in the digestive tract, and the potential severe problems associated with advanced age that may impact diet and fluid intake. In the theoretical part, it summarizes the most important factors discussing old age and its related aspects. The practical part compares the theoretical research with the collected results from a questionnaire survey and laboratory blood tests. Aims: The main general aim of this thesis was to conduct a search of literature and scientific studies, and then to compare these findings with the data collected in the practical part. It was necessary to obtain the specific changes in the given sections of the digestive tract from the literature and research. The practical part included a questionnaire survey and the results of laboratory blood tests of geriatric patients to compare the diet of current versus younger age and, if necessary, to find out the reasons for the change. Methods: The quantitative questionnaire survey was realized between December 2022 and February 2023 in the Home for the Elderly, Prague 4 Háje and was completely anonymous. The target group were individuals from the elderly population. The questionnaire was based on a professional article by Professor Hana Kubesova. The...
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The issue of evaluating and alleviating pain in the elderly in nursing homes
PANOVA, Vladislava
The bachelor's thesis "The issue of evaluating and alleviating pain in the elderly in nursing homes" deals with research into the nursing care of elderly people with pain who are permanently housed in social facilities, so-called nursing homes. The research was conducted in selected homes for the nursing homes in the South Bohemian Region. The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part is divided into 3 individual chapters. The first is about gerontology and geriatrics, it describes different perspectives on aging, aspects of old age, society's view on the elderly, etc. The second clarifies the concept of pain and related areas: anatomy and physiology, collection of patient history, therapy, etc. The third tells about social facilities and legislation. The empirical part was carried out by a qualitative research investigation, using a semistructured interview method. Data analysis took place in the form of open coding, using the "pencil and paper" method. The codes created further were classified into individual categories and subcategories. According to the obtained data, we can say that nurses are well informed about the methods of pain assessment of their clients based on standardized methods and personal experience while working with them. They know well the pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of pain relief and they are excellent at cooperating with the members of the multidisciplinary team who oversee implementing some of the given methods. In addition to the good aspects, the lack of a certain standard for the assessment of pain in seniors suffering from dementia syndrome is discovered, which needs to be created in the future not only for social, but also for medical facilities. The results of the bachelor's thesis can be used for further research in the field of nurses' work in social facilities and nursing care for elderly people with pain and inability to express themselves verbally.
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The use of the basal stimulation concept in nursing praxis of geriatric patients.
KALČÍKOVÁ, Aneta
The bachelor thesis deals with the use of the concept of Basal Stimulation in nursing care of geriatric patients. Objectives of the thesis: To find out how nurses use the concept of Basal stimulation in nursing care of geriatric patients. Methodology and research set: Based on the goal, one research question was created. How do nurses use the concept of Basal Stimulation in geriatric patients in nursing practice? For the research survey, we chose a qualitative research strategy where the polling method was used. The data collection technique was semi-structured interviews that were conducted on nurses working in hospitals and social care facilities. The research group consisted of 13 sisters. The criterion for selecting nurses was the use of the concept of Basal Stimulation in geriatric patients. The obtained data was processed by open coding, pencil and paper method. Results: Based on data analysis, 7 categories and 3 subcategories were created. The results of the research show that the nurses are oriented in the concept of Basal Stimulation and manage to use the concept in geriatric patients. It was found that more than half of the nurses had completed a course of Basal Stimulation. Nurses manage to define the individual elements of Basal Stimulation. During the investigation, it was found that all nurses maintain contact with the patient's family. The patient's family is a source of information that is important for the biographical history. This anamnesis then allows nurses not only to better understand the patient and his needs, but also to conduct more systematic communication with each other. Recommendations for practice: We recommend that the patient's family be included in the application of the basal stimulation concept.
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Use of canistheraphy in the elderly living in retirement home
Prošková, Martina ; Vařeková, Jitka (advisor) ; Prajerová, Květa (referee)
3 ABSTRACT The theme of my thesis : Use of canisteraphy in the elderly retirement home. The theme: Theme of my thesis was to studying the effect of canisteraphy and its progress on the quality of live senior sof older people living in geriatric facilities. Qualitative study was focused primarily on ganges in sociability and social skills, cognitive area, especially perception of stimulation, memory training, attention and influence on overall to a new environment in a retirement home. Methods : The research had a qualitative charakter, since my direct participation during the theraphy in the retirement home the metod of my research became direct watching the seniors in combination with interwiev. The Results: Using interview and studies, we had introduced the process of canisteraphy and its progress in a retirement home. Results indicated a positive effect especially in the areas of sociability and social skills, cognitive and overall area of adaptation in new environment in a retirement home. Key words : canistheraphy, geriatrics, seniors, retirement home,
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The selected methods of social work with clients self - non sufficient in health care facilities
Kiliánová, Hana ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
The main goal of the thesis entitled "The selected methods of social work with clients self-non sufficient in health care facilities" was to describe and to analyze methods used in activation of the elderly suffering from dementia. It draws a comparison of different settings and explores workers's attitude to the methods of activation. The text of the thesis was mapped out into five chapters. The first chapter was set into the context of old age and ageing. The second chapter is concerned with the issues of self-sufficiency and dependency of old age and other related issues. The topic of the third chapter is old age in relation with memory. It defines memory and memory disorders in the elderly suffering from dementia. The fourth chapter is crucial and gives an idea of non-pharmacological and other possible activities which are eligible for application in practice and are intended to reduce cognitive disorders of cognitive functions and behavior disorders. The theoretical part enters into research carried out in four facilities which care for clients with dementia. The research section is represented by a qualitative research where methods of a half structured interview and observation were opted for. The interviews were realized with eight practicing experts. The outcomes gathered from the...
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