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The role of microglia and astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease
Pospíšilová, Eva ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized mainly by problems with memory abilities. With the more aging population, the number of patients with this disease is gradually increasing, so Alzheimer's disease research is becoming one of the main priorities of today's health care. Although the research has been going on for more than a century, the exact causes of the Alzheimer's disease are still unclear. For a long time, the main role was attributed to the pathology of amyloid β and tau protein, the basic pathophysiological features of this disease, but in recent years, it has become clear that microglia and astrocytes also play an important role. These glial cells affect the amount of amyloid β and the hyperphosphorylated tau protein, but they are also crucial for maintaining homeostasis of the central nervous system. Activation of microglia and astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease can lead to disruption of the physiological functions of these neuroglia, and thus to problems with the removal of amyloid and tau protein, but also to the induction of chronic neuroinflammation. This work aims to summarize and organize the basic knowledge about the role of microglia and astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease, while focusing mainly on their role...
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Analogy of social information systems and information systems of living organisms in selected texts
Fišer, Jiří ; Fonferová, Ľudmila (advisor) ; Slámová, Hana (referee)
In the first half, the work is about human society information systems. It tries to find an origin of the information in the society, describes forms of the information and tries to explain causes for communication. Later it describes main attributes of the system itself. From mentioned facts the work then figures out an idea about new division of information systems based on the purpouse of a system. The next part concerns information structures present in the body of plants and plant neurobilology. Then the work question the relationship between the information science and the cognitive science. Later the woork tries to work out some global charakteristics of plant information structures. In the last part work discuss the basic funcions of the human brain and late discoveries in glia cells field. Conclussion of the whole work follows. Keywords *information system *information communication *living organisms *plant neurobiology *consciousness *glia *analogies
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Calcium homeostasis and modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission
Sojka, David
This study was designed to improve our knowledge regarding mechanisms of nociceptive signaling at spinal cord level. One of the forms of spinal cord synaptic transmission modulation is central sensitization, a manifestation of synaptic plasticity at spinal cord level, which was found to be present at many chronic pain syndromes. This study deals mainly with a development of calcium imaging technique with a final goal to study mechanisms of central sensitization in vitro on population of dorsal horn neurons. We have analyzed synaptically evoked intracellular Ca changes as a result of dorsal root stimulation in a superficial dorsal horn area in spinal cord slices and found two types of Ca responses: one synchronized with electrical stimulation and a second one, delayed response due to Ca release from internal stores. The delayed Ca release was not previously shown to be present in these neurons and it was not dependent on activation of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors, suggesting involvement of metabotropic receptor pathway. The presence of this delayed type of Ca response could have a significant role in the induction of some types of chronic pain syndromes, since intracellular calcium increase is thought to be a key trigger point in spinal cord neurons sensitization. An important role in neuronal calcium...
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Analogy of social information systems and information systems of living organisms in selected texts
Fišer, Jiří ; Fonferová, Ľudmila (advisor) ; Slámová, Hana (referee)
In the first half, the work is about human society information systems. It tries to find an origin of the information in the society, describes forms of the information and tries to explain causes for communication. Later it describes main attributes of the system itself. From mentioned facts the work then figures out an idea about new division of information systems based on the purpouse of a system. The next part concerns information structures present in the body of plants and plant neurobilology. Then the work question the relationship between the information science and the cognitive science. Later the woork tries to work out some global charakteristics of plant information structures. In the last part work discuss the basic funcions of the human brain and late discoveries in glia cells field. Conclussion of the whole work follows. Keywords *information system *information communication *living organisms *plant neurobiology *consciousness *glia *analogies
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Calcium homeostasis and modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission
Sojka, David
This study was designed to improve our knowledge regarding mechanisms of nociceptive signaling at spinal cord level. One of the forms of spinal cord synaptic transmission modulation is central sensitization, a manifestation of synaptic plasticity at spinal cord level, which was found to be present at many chronic pain syndromes. This study deals mainly with a development of calcium imaging technique with a final goal to study mechanisms of central sensitization in vitro on population of dorsal horn neurons. We have analyzed synaptically evoked intracellular Ca changes as a result of dorsal root stimulation in a superficial dorsal horn area in spinal cord slices and found two types of Ca responses: one synchronized with electrical stimulation and a second one, delayed response due to Ca release from internal stores. The delayed Ca release was not previously shown to be present in these neurons and it was not dependent on activation of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors, suggesting involvement of metabotropic receptor pathway. The presence of this delayed type of Ca response could have a significant role in the induction of some types of chronic pain syndromes, since intracellular calcium increase is thought to be a key trigger point in spinal cord neurons sensitization. An important role in neuronal calcium...
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