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Nutritional prevention and the treatment of decubitus of seniors
DĚKANOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor thesis called Nutrition prevention and treatment of decubitus on seniors is about condition of client's diet in Máj České Budějovice Seniors' House and following nutrition intervention on critical clients. Decubitus is a disease, which greatly affects not only sick client or care staff, but also the economic aspect of the medical and social facilities. Because there was no knowledge about, how decubitus originate, the prevention nor treatment in the past, it was considered as very serious illness. Doctors were convinced, that decubitus origins spontaneously and it's a sign of inevitable death. Since the end of the 19th century, more attention has been paid to decubitus, and thus industrial production of phenol-impregnated bandages has been developed to improve the healing of decubitus, together with passive patient activation and surgical wound healing. There are currently many companies on the market that produce a wide range of products and tools to reduce the risk of decubitus or their effective treatment. For example, passive and active anti-decubital mattresses are used for keeping the wet environment in the wound and, last but not least, enteral and parenteral nutritional preparations to help wound healing. The goal of this thesis was to find out whether there are clients with a risk of developing decubitus in the Máj Česke Budejovice Seniors' House and then to process the nutritional intervention of these clients. The theoretical part of the work summarizes the previous knowledge in the field of prevention and treatment of decubitus. As first, the term "decubitus" has been characterized, and the distribution of the individual steps and assessment scales used for the risk assessment or the defects already occurred has been described. There are also mentioned factors influencing the occurrence of decubitus, prevention and nutrition prevention and treatment of decubitus. One chapter of the work was devoted to the NutritionDay project, which was used to collect data for the practical part of the research. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to develop the practical part. In the first phase of the research, screening was carried out within the NutritionDay project in the Máj České Budějovice Seniors' Home. The screening revealed how many clients are at risk of malnutrition, how many of them are already malnutritive and how many of them are experiencing decubitus. In the second phase, the work has been done only with clients experiencing decubitus. For each of the clients with decubitus, an adequate daily intake of energy and essential nutrients was calculated. Nutritional support was then set and their diet evaluated in the Nutriservis Profesional program to determine whether it meets the recommended nutritional values. The results of this bachelor thesis can be used by other nutritional therapists for the purposes of teaching or further research.
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