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Double expression systems with respect to parasitic protozoa
Gromyko, Anastasiia ; Verner, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kraeva, Natalia (referee)
Protozoan parasite infections continue to pose a significant health challenge in developing countries, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. These parasites exhibit a complex multi-stage life cycle and possess unique cellular structures. However, many of their biological processes remain poorly understood. Multigene expression is a promising approach to address this knowledge gap, as it enables the expression of functional protein complexes in vivo, the addition of fluorescent protein tags for visualization of protein localization within the cell, and the study of protein-protein interactions. This bachelor's thesis reviews the current knowledge on available systems and approaches for studying key model parasitic protozoan species. Keywords: expression systems, Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania tarentolae, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, pET-Duet, CRISPR-Cas9
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Current treatment options of intestinal and extra-intestinal amebiasis.
Pastyříková, Aneta ; Nohýnková, Eva (advisor) ; Stejskal, František (referee)
Amoebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the pathogenic intestinal amoeba Entamoeba histolytica, which multiplies as a minute form in the human lumen of the colon. Under not yet defined conditions, the minute form can be transformed into a magna form that attacks the colon wall and is able to spread out of the intestine by blood and infect internal organs, especially the liver. Amoebiasis is primarily treated with chemotherapeutics, which are divided into luminal and tissue depending on the site of action. Luminal drugs target the stages of E.histolytica in the lumen of the intestine and are therefore used to treat asymptomatic and symptomatic forms of intestinal amoebiasis. Tissue drugs, especially the 5-nitroimidazole derivative, metronidazole, which is the drug of choice in the treatment of amoebiasis, penetrate the tissues and are used to treat invasive intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. If chemotherapy is ineffective or there is a risk of rupture of abscess and sepsis, surgical treatment is performed. This thesis summarizes therapeutic approaches to individual clinical forms of amoebiasis, possibilities of chemotherapy at present, but also before the use of 5-nitroimidazole derivates, and alternatives to current drugs. Key words Intestinal amebae of humans, Entamoeba histolytica,...
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Analysis of the genome of a free-living amoeba Mastigamoeba balamuthi and its comparison with pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica
Žárský, Vojtěch ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Bruchhaus, Iris (referee) ; Beneš, Vladimír (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Science Department of parasitology Doctoral study programme: Parasitology Abstract (en) Analysis of the genome of a free-living amoeba Mastigamoeba balamuthi and its comparison with pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica Mgr. Vojtěch Žárský Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jan Tachezy, Ph.D. Praha, 2020 Abstract Examination and comparison of organisms have been tremendously important for the study of life's history on earth. The progress of our understanding of the genetic basis of heredity and the recent boom of sequencing technologies allows us to continue in this exciting field of research from the perspective of genes and genomes. In this work, I focus on the study of an anaerobic amoeba Mastigamoeba balamuthi, which is related to an important human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica. Comparative analysis allows us to draw some conclusions about the nature of the common ancestor of Mastigamoeba and E. histolytica, how it adapted to the anaerobic lifestyle, and about the way the Entamoeba lineage evolved to become a successful parasite. Surprisingly we also noticed that besides hydrogenosomes (hydrogen-producing organelles related to mitochondria), M. balamuthi also harbors peroxisomes - organelles thought to be absent in anaerobic organisms. This finding motivated us to inquire more about...
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Virulence factors of Entamoeba histolytica
Novotná, Monika ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Pavla (referee)
The parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal disease called amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery), which is one of the most significant diseases worldwide, mainly in developing countries. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize current knowledge about virulence factors of E. histolytica. It is primarly focused on adhesive lectin Gal/GalNAc, cysteine proteases, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, amoebapore forming pores in the membranes of the target cells and trogocytosis. Keywords: virulence factors, Entamoeba histolytica, parasite, protist, amoebiasis, lectin Gal/GalNAc, cysteine proteinase, phagocytosis, trogocytosis, amoebapore
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