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Bystander effect from paramedic point of view
TOMAN, Antonín
This bachelor thesis named "bystander effect from paramedic point of view" is focused on professional rescue workers view on the presence of bystanders by an individual, occurring in an emergent situation. Similarly, this work takes into consideration the problems of influence that bystanders have on the professional activities of paramedics. Onlookers watching the accident are an integral part of the daily activities by rescue workers, equally as bystander effect individuals. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first chapter of the theoretical part deals with the history of emergency medical services and its function, medical operations centre of first aid function and legislation, the second chapter introduces the problems of communication in the pre-hospital emergency care, along with issues relating to stressful situations in the pre-hospital emergency care. The third chapter deals with the issue of prosocial behaviour. It discusses the factors that affect the ability to provide first aid, and it also deals with the problems of prosocial behaviour by individuals and dilemmas, which according to the literature affect each individual, who occurs in the situation when he must provide help to someone else. i also discuss norms of social behaviour. Chapter also takes into account the problems of social boundaries that lead individual behaviour to the benefit of society. a different view of single individuals on social norms is also taken into consideration. In the fourth chapter of the theoretical there is provided a comprehensive insight into the psychological phenomenon, that was first described in the USA. Dispersal of responsibility is a basic prerequisite for the origin of bystander effect. Dispersal of responsibility arises from the large number of individuals at one place, among which is the responsibility equally divided and does not lie to anyone truly full weight of responsibility for the situation. Another aspect is pluralistic ignorance, which arises from the assumption, that people do, that nothing is happening and act absently. An integral part of the bystander effect is an inhibitory influence of audiences, when is the individual, thinking about the help, paralyzed by the presence of bystanding witnesses. i also discuss personality factors and the willingness of individuals to help. The aim is to map the experience of paramedics, whose work is during intervention influenced by dilettante bystanders, and map the awareness of paramedics on bystander effect. There were selected two research questions. The first one determines whether bystanders lay persons affect paramedic work and the second one examines what kind of information about bystander effect paramedics have. To achieve these objectives, the practical part uses a qualitative research strategy. Data collection was accomplished using a semi-structured interview. The interview was compiled from pre-prepared questions focused on the impact of bystanders dilettantes in the work of medical paramedics and also on awareness about the bystander effect. The sample consisted of 8 paramedics with at least five years of experience in the medical rescue service. Data recording was realized using audio recordings, while transcription evidence was subsequently obtained. Evaluation of the data was carried out in the form of content analysis of transcribed interviews. Except the issue of bystander effect there was also discussed real case interpretation of this problem. The research showed that lay bystanders affect the work of paramedics. It was also found out, that rescuers do not have general awareness of the bystander effect. Results and personal statements of the respondents in the research generally agree with the opinions released by the literature. After any adjustment this bachelor thesis it could be used as educational material.
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