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Analysis of drug residues in waters from small wastewater treatment plants
Pešková, Karolína ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of pharmaceuticals residues in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants used for smaller sources of pollution (up to 2000 population equivalent). Pharmaceuticals entering the environment are a highly discussed topic, especially due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, negative effects on non-target organisms, vegetation etc. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with smaller wastewater treatment plants or root sewage treatment plants, which achieve excellent results in the field of organic pollution removal. It deals with their detailed description, functioning or division. Attention is paid to pharmaceuticals in general, mechanisms of their removal and methods of their determination in wastewater. In total of 24 drugs from the group of beta-blockers, macrolide antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antidepressants and sulfonamides were selected for analysis. In the experimental part of this diploma thesis, wastewater samples were taken from domestic wastewater treatment plants (type AT 6, AT 12 Plus, AT 30 and AT 150) and from the root sewage treatment plant of Dražovice. The samples were first processed using optimized extraction method (solid phase extraction) and then analyzed using optimized UPLC-ESI-MS method. The presence of pharmaceuticals residues was confirmed in all analysed wastewater. The highest concentrations were detected for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals – ibuprofen and diclofenac.
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Evaluation of domestic wastewater treatment plant operation
Ondruš, Martin ; Štamberová, Marta (referee) ; Štamberová, Marta (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Thesis deals with the evaluation of domestic wastewater treatment plant operation. The theoretical part focuses on the types of wastewater, especially sewage, and ways to eliminate pollution from small sources. The practical part contains a description of the reported domestic wastewater treatment plant, methods of sampling and analysis methods to obtain the necessary indicators of pollution. These indicators were used for comparison with the given limits. Then it points to the unsatisfactory operation of the plant and describes the measures taken to solve the problem.
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The use of ecotoxicity tests for the use of treatment technologies
Konečná, Kateřina ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the assessment of the effectiveness of treatment technologies in domestic wastewater treatment plants. For these purposes, samples were taken from 3 different domestic wastewater trearment plant. Two representatives of the aquatic ecosystem, the plant Lemna minor and the freshwater crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus, were selected for the ecotoxicity assessment. For assessment from an analytical point of view, indicators were selected according to the Government Regulation on the discharge of water into surface and underground waters No. 401/2015 Coll. and 57/2016 Coll. All the selected residential cleaning plants correspond in size to 30–500 equivalent inhabitants, while they are used by approx. 10–20 inhabitants. The results of ecotoxicological tests confirmed that domestic wastewater treatment plants effectively reduce the level of toxicity. In all domestic waste water treatment plants, IC50 values for L. minor and LC50 values for T. platyurus were determined only at the influent, as neither inhibition nor mortality higher than 50% compared to the control group was achieved at the effluent. In L. minor, the growth inhibition values (IC50) on the influent were in the range of 9.39–43.99 ml/l, in T. platyurus the LC50 values in the influent were determined in the range of 5.6–20 ml/l. However, the results of the chemical analysis revealed that none of the water from the domestic treatment plants selected by us is suitable for discharge into groundwater or surface water, as they exceed the limit values set in government regulations.
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Analysis of drug residues in waters from small wastewater treatment plants
Pešková, Karolína ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of pharmaceuticals residues in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants used for smaller sources of pollution (up to 2000 population equivalent). Pharmaceuticals entering the environment are a highly discussed topic, especially due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, negative effects on non-target organisms, vegetation etc. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with smaller wastewater treatment plants or root sewage treatment plants, which achieve excellent results in the field of organic pollution removal. It deals with their detailed description, functioning or division. Attention is paid to pharmaceuticals in general, mechanisms of their removal and methods of their determination in wastewater. In total of 24 drugs from the group of beta-blockers, macrolide antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antidepressants and sulfonamides were selected for analysis. In the experimental part of this diploma thesis, wastewater samples were taken from domestic wastewater treatment plants (type AT 6, AT 12 Plus, AT 30 and AT 150) and from the root sewage treatment plant of Dražovice. The samples were first processed using optimized extraction method (solid phase extraction) and then analyzed using optimized UPLC-ESI-MS method. The presence of pharmaceuticals residues was confirmed in all analysed wastewater. The highest concentrations were detected for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals – ibuprofen and diclofenac.
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Evaluation of domestic wastewater treatment plant operation
Ondruš, Martin ; Štamberová, Marta (referee) ; Štamberová, Marta (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Thesis deals with the evaluation of domestic wastewater treatment plant operation. The theoretical part focuses on the types of wastewater, especially sewage, and ways to eliminate pollution from small sources. The practical part contains a description of the reported domestic wastewater treatment plant, methods of sampling and analysis methods to obtain the necessary indicators of pollution. These indicators were used for comparison with the given limits. Then it points to the unsatisfactory operation of the plant and describes the measures taken to solve the problem.
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Wastewater Treatment Using House Sewage Treatment Plants {--} Hygienic Aspects and Usage in the Czech Republic
FIŠEROVÁ, Alena
Constructed wetlands (CWs) originate from natural wetlands and are used for waste water treatment as an alternative to conventional treatment. This thesis was aimed at providing a literary summary of the types of house sewage water treatment plants and constructed wetlands used in the CR and abroad, of their hygienic aspects, functionality, treatment efficiency, expensiveness and the possibilities of their use in the conditions of the CR and their advantages and disadvantages. It also deals with a proposal of a suitable type of house CW for the conditions of the CR and a list of the necessary steps in construction of a house CW. Quite similar systems are being used for house sewage treatment in the Czech Republic and abroad {--} mostly septic tanks, ground mounds, constructed wetlands, active treatment plants and biodiscs. Alternative water treatment methods are generally not suitable for buildings having (now or in the future) the possibility of connection to municipal sewerage systems. They are on the other hand suitable for buildings not connected to sewerage systems or for seasonal objects, remote places and holiday houses with seasonal waste water production. A system with horizontal subsurface flow is mostly used as a CW in the Czech Republic. This CW type ensures sufficient removal of organic contamination and insoluble substances, but the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is relatively low. However it is fully sufficient in the instance of low PE numbers, as the loading rate is usually low and the concentration of contaminants in the output water meets the prescribed limits. Foreign researches show that hybrid systems combining horizontal flow with vertical flow and with recirculation are more suitable for improving efficiency of nitrogen removal. Systems with vertical flow and intermittent waste water dosage showing particularly good results in ammoniac removal are also suitable for nitrogen removal. Special materials with higher iron, aluminium or calcium content are most suitable as filling of a constructed wetland or as additional filters or for improvement of phosphorus removal from waste water as they are able to reach efficiency of up to 90 %. In my thesis I came to a conclusion that a CW with horizontal subsurface flow is the most suitable type of house constructed wetland treatment for the conditions in the CR, mainly because it is the most frequently used and thus best proven CW type with sufficient efficiency of treatment for the substances required by standards.
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