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Od trusu k prostřenému ubrusu. Molekulární analýza potravy raka signálního
ŠKRABÁNEK, Jan
This thesis aimed to determine the diet of the signal crayfish in Křesánovský brook in 2020. In addition to that, we aimed to find and test suitable markers for the diet analysis of signal crayfish, which are described in the thesis. We analyzed the crayfish diet by examining DNA from faecal pellet samples collected monthly from April to September. By using group-specific DNA markers, we targeted the main dietary groups such as Heptagenidae (markers Hpt28Sf + Hpt28Sr), Ephemeroptera (Epa28Sf + Epa28Sr), Integripalpia and Spicipalpia (Inspi18Sf + Inspi18Sr), Plecoptera (Ple-gen A269 + Ple-gen S268), Chironomidae (Chiro18Sf + Chiro18Sr), and Gammaridae (Gamae28Sf + Gamae28Sr). We also focused on representatives of macrophytes Characeae (CHA677 + CHA1681R) and Eudicotyledons (MYR152F + MYR1696R). The results showed that the crayfish's diet varied during the sampling season. Gammaridae was the most common food item, found in 54.1% of the samples of faecal pellets. Heptagenidae, Integripalpia, and Spicipalpia were also significant, present in 31.3% of the samples. Plecoptera appeared in 20.8% of the samples, while Chironomidae and Characeae were found in 10.4%. Eudicotyledons were detected in 8.3% of the samples. Ephemeroptera were the least common food group, detected only in 2.1 %. Gammaridae were the most significant component of the crayfish diet in April (found in 7 samples), while Heptagenidae were the second most abundant component. The diet was more diverse in May, but Gammaridae remained the primary food source, followed by Integripalpia and Spicipalpia (in 5 samples). In June, Gammaridae was present in all samples, while Heptagenidae and Integripalpia/Spicipalpia were significant. In July, Heptagenidae was the most common food group (found in 5 samples), with Gammaridae found in 4 samples. No food items were detected in the samples from August and October, and only one sample contained Gammaridae in September. Overall, this study provides insights into both the seasonal variations in the diet of signal crayfish and markers suitable for its analysis.
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Identifikace alel pro zásobní proteiny obilky tritikale pomocí DNA markerů
Svojsíková, Nikola
Triticale belongs to the amphiploid cereals and was derived by crossing wheat and rye. Its baking quality is substantially worse than in wheat. The baking quality is determined by a composition and a content of the storage proteins. Both high and low molecular glutenin subunits have a major effect on the final quality of dough. The secalins of rye belong amongst the storage proteins of triticale, which negatively influence the baking quality. These are the reasons why lineages having translocated chromosome 1R and containing subunit Glu-D1d, which positively influences the baking quality, were created. The thesis is focused on identification of the allelic composition of loci of high molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), low molecular glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), loci Pina a Pinb and null alleles of Waxy genes. 23 selected genotypes of triticale were analysed by using DNA markers based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allelic composition of loci HMW-GS (Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1), LMW-GS (Glu-A3) and Pina-D1, Pinb-D1 was described and null alleles were detected in the loci Wx-A1 and Wx-B1.
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Use of molecular markers for pedigree reconstruction of wild cherry half-sib progenies
Jirková, Michaela ; Korecký, Jiří (advisor) ; Sedlák, Petr (referee)
The aim of my master thesis was to reconstruct the pedigree of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) half sib progeny using microsatellite markers. The cherries (Prunus avium L.) are grown for the purpose of establishing plantations half-sib progeny, to verify the registration of mother and traced his father between the clones represented in the seed orchards, or reveal paternal gamete contamination. Technically there is a transfer of individuals half-sib offspring to full-sib offspring. Literary analysis was performed focusing on the issue of pedigree reconstruction using molecular markers and the theory of the breeding cycle focusing on offspring testing was incorporated. The study was conducted on material from the seed orchard Obrovice, owner VLS s. p. (Parental population) and seedlings grown from these individuals for the purpose of establishing half-sib offspring testing in the forest nursery Lhota. As part of their research were collected samples, all clones of parental populations and 268 individuals from the offspring recording evenly respective parent clones.
Subsequently DNA was isolated. Microsatellite analysis was performed on 16 polymorphic loci and realized the pedigree reconstruction using software GeneMarker and software Cervus. Results are recorded at the end and progeny structure was described in detail. Pedigree knowledge will continue to be used in the future in genetic evaluation of individuals based offspring and enables significant acceleration of the whole of the breeding cycle.
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Exogenní a endogenní faktory tvorby cibule u česneku kuchyňského v podmínkách in vitro
Staňková, Zuzana
In this thesis the study of effects exogenous and engoenous factors on garlic (Allium sativum L.) plats in vitro was done. Species 'Lukan', 'Lan', 'Bjetin', 'Slavin' a 'Havran' were observed with their reactions to growth regulators added to MS medium with 0,5 mg.l-1 2iP, 0,2 mg.l-1 NAA - variants with PP 333, ABA, CEPA and increased sucrose content. During the growth of the plant, ethylene, ethane and CO2 concentrations in culturing bulbs were determined and plant growth was monitored, namely bulb creation and mass increase. At the end of the experiment, the stability of donor plant and explant was verified using DNA markers in 'Lan' and 'Lukan' species.
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Studium polymorfizmu DNA u tritikale
Svojsíková, Nikola
Recently known varieties of triticale do not meet milling and baking requirements. The reason is a presence of chromosome R in triticale, which decreases viscoelastic qualities of dough, and a presence of secalins, which decreases technological qualities of grain. Bachelor thesis devotes to detection of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS). In total there were 14 genotypes of triticale analyzed in the thesis. DNA markers based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to identify allelic combinations in loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1, which encode high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, and secalin locus. Alleles Glu-A1a, Glu-A1b, Glu-A1c were detected in locus Glu-A1. Four allelic combinations of glutenin subunits Bx7+By18*, Bx7*+By8, Bx7+By8*, Bx7+By8 were detected in locus Glu-B1. Allele Glu-D1d was detected at two breeding lines. Sec-1 was detected at 12 breeding lines. DNA markers were used to discover allelic composition of locus Glu-A3, which encodes low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Alleles Glu-A3a, Glu-A3d and Glu-A3f were not detected at analyzed breeding lines at all.
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