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Enuresis in paediatric patients from the perspective of a paediatric nurse
VETÝŠKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with enuresis in pediatric patients from the perspective of a pediatric nurse. This condition is often referred to as involuntary urination. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes enuresis, the anatomical and physiological description of the urinary system. Furthermore, it discusses psychological and anatomical changes that may cause enuresis, the psychological needs of patients suffering from enuresis, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. The role of pediatric nurses providing specific care to children with enuresis as well as education to children and their paretns is also described based on aliterature review. The practical part focuses on the specifics of nursing care for children with enuresis. While patients with this disease are more commonly encountered in nephrology clinics, pediatric nurses also encounter enuresis in pediatric wards. The main objectives of this bachelor thesis are to explore the experiences and opinions of nurses on the care of pediatric patients with enuresis, understand how pediatric nurses perceive enuresis inpediatric patients, and examine the strategies and approaches used by pediatric nurses in caring for pediatric patients with enuresis. Interviews were conducted with pediatric nurses to achieve these goals and methodologies. Additional interviews were conducted with parents of children with enuresis, and all interview results were categorized into 10 categories. The research revealed that nurses are knowledgeable about the specifics of nursing care for children with enuresis and have experience with these patients. Respondents utilize appropriate and effective strategies and approaches in caring for children with enuresis.
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The effect of play therapy on the child's psychological well-being during hospitalization
ARBELOVSKÁ, Natálie
Current status: The course of hospitalization can be a very stressful situation for a child that he or she may not have encountered before. The child may experience fear of the unknown, loneliness and separation from peers. Play therapy is a therapeutic method that helps to ease the child's hospitalization. This play can be used as a tool and motivation for hospitalized children. The objective of this thesis is to map the effects of a hospital stay on the child's psyche. Another aim is to determine the effect of play therapy on the psychological well-being of the hospitalized child. Methodology: A qualitative research strategy was chosen for the research part. Semi-structured interview technique and observation technique were chosen for data collection. The sampled population that were interviewed, consisted of parents and their children who were admitted to a pediatric ward. The results: The result of the analysis of the responses to the research questions revealed, that the use of play therapy in the hospital has a significant positive effect on the psyche of the hospitalized child and on a better experience of the hospital environment. When examining the second objective, it was found that the majority of the children hospitalized in the pediatric ward did not show significant psychological sequelae due to their hospital stay, suggesting that this stay did not have a significant impact on their psychological state. Conclusion: The research investigation revealed that play therapy in hospital is an integral part of hospitalisation and helps children to relax and better experience their hospitalisation. It has a significant positive impact on their psyche. This bachelor thesis can serve as a study material for students dealing with this issue. Based on the results of the study, an educational leaflet "the use of play therapy in blood collection" was designed. The leaflet will serve, as an aid for nurses in the pediatric ward. Based on the results of the study, an educational plan "the use of play therapy during blood collection" was designed. The plan will serve as a tool for nurses in the children's ward.
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Ethical issues in multicultural nursing in the context of child Ukrainian war refugees
Kučerová, Jana ; Červenková, Denisa (advisor) ; Bouma, David (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the approach of children's nurses to Ukrainian war refugee children requiring intensive oncological care. In nursing care, transcultural-multicultural nursing models are used as an ethical principle. In particular, the models of M. Leiningerová, J.N. Gigerová, and R. Davidhizarová created in the 1950s focus on holistic cultural care, health, and disease manifestations of individuals or groups and respect the common features of cultural values, beliefs, and practices. Keywords Ukrainians, migration, war, nursing, nursing model, transcultural-multicultural nursing, communication, human rights, child patient, the charter of children's rights in hospital, human dignity
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The needs satisfaction of children hospitalized in psychiatric hospital.
BLAŽKOVÁ, Eva
This thesis deals with the issue of meeting the needs of pediatric patients who have experienced hospitalization in one of the medical institutions providing pediatric psychiatric care. Development in childhood and adolescence is considered to be very complex, not only because of developmental changes. We can witness for ourselves the impact on our mental health of not having some of the basic or higher needs of life met. In the childhood period, the limitation of saturation of some of the needs is even more accentuated, and we therefore encounter situations where this lack of saturation can lead to the development of mental illness. These are then forced to be dealt with by hospitalisation in one of the psychiatric hospitals in the Czech Republic. These hospitalisations are often repeated, and the child patient spends a large part of its time in the facility. It is therefore important that during the hospitalization, he or she is supported by a medical team, of which nurses are an essential part, who will actively try to identify his or her needs and help him or her to meet them, and who will be empathetic and assertive throughout the time present. The aim of this study was to describe the satisfaction of bio-psycho-social needs of hospitalized pediatric patients, from the perspective of nursing staff, and from the perspective of pediatric patients themselves. This issue should continue to be addressed in order to prevent negative experiences with hospitalizations and thus to form a negative image towards health care. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part, theoretical, deals with the history of psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry, the training of psychiatric nurses, mental illness in childhood, the division of childhood, the life needs of the child and the nursing process of the child with psychiatric illness. The second part, the practical part, consists of the results obtained from semi-structured interviews that were recorded with an electric tape recorder and then transcribed and categorized. Consequently, 5 categories emerged: the Physiological Needs, the Need for Safety and Security, the Need for Love and Belonging, the Need for Recognition and Self-esteem and the category Need for Self-Realization. Each of these categories was then divided into several subcategories, according to the informants' responses, and translated into tables and charts. Five paediatric patients and 3 nurses working in one of the child and adolescent psychiatry departments participated in the research survey. The results of our investigation showed that there are frequent disagreements and differing opinions in the claims of the two research groups. This suggests that this issue should continue to be addressed. This would prevent negative experiences of hospital admissions, reduce traumatic experiences, and thereby mitigate the formation of a negative image towards healthcare and establish healthier patient-person relationships.
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Role of nurse in organ donation in pediatric patiens
Votavová, Kateřina ; Kulířová, Veronika (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the issue of nursing care in pediatric patients before consumption of organs at the resuscitation department. I consider this topic socially very topical because the number of transplant candidates on transplantation lists is constantly increasing. Since child transplant candidates are the most vulnerable group, I have focused on child organ donors. The theoretical part criticizes the concept of death and threat, including examination methods that lead to brain death. I present the activities of the Coordination Center of the Transplant and Coordi- nated Coordinator in a donor program that seeks to proliferate the transplant program. An important component is legal legislation and ethical aspects, which are an integral part of the donor system in the Czech Republic. Study materials I searched in the databases NLK, SVKKL, Medvik, Embase, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Medscape. The research was conducted from the National Medical Library and from the Central Bohemian Library in Kladno. I got statistical data from web sources, especially from KST. Methodology: The choice of the case study best fulfills the requirements necessary to map the key moments of nursing care, which may play a role in the timely indication of a potential organ donor, as well as in considering...
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Specifics of child patient care in pre-hospital emergency care
POLESOVÁ, Kristýna
A child is not a small adult. It differs from an adult in anatomical, physiological, pathophysiological and metabolic systems. Specifics are also reflected in the approach and communication with the patient. Knowledge of the specifics of childhood is an essential part of all healthcare professionals who care for paediatric patients. In emergency care, this is doubly true. In the Czech Republic, paediatric care is provided to patients from birth to 18 years + 364 days of age. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with anatomical and physiological differences of childhood and the specifics of care for a child patient. The thesis describes the paediatric protocol with its use in practice, care for newborns in pre-hospital emergency care and there are specified procedures of procedures necessary to secure a child patient. Furthermore, the theoretical part elaborates the basics of pharmacology in emergency care and alternative routes for drug administration. The thesis also deals with the issue of communication with the patient, the rights of the child, immobilization and transport of a child patient and acute conditions. In the bachelor thesis, 3 goals were set. The first objective was to clarify the specifics of care for a child patient in pre-hospital emergency care. The second objective was to investigate the specifics of communication in the care of a child patient in pre-hospital emergency care. The third objective was to map the specifics of care for a child patient from the perspective of a paramedic. The empirical part of the bachelor thesis was processed by a qualitative method, in the form of semi-structured interviews. The research sample consisted of 10 paramedics from the South Bohemian Region. The research was conducted from March to April 2023. The obtained data was processed and described. In the research part, 3 research questions were identified. The first question examined the specifics of care for a child patient in pre-hospital emergency care. Research has shown that the specifics relate mainly to the anatomy and physiology of the child, pharmacology, different aids, procedures and communication. The second question dealt with the specifics of communication in the care of a child patient in pre-hospital emergency care. All informants found great pitfalls in communicating with the child. Above all, they mentioned the importance of a kind approach, patience and directing communication primarily to the child patient. The third question mapped out the specifics of care for a child patient from the perspective of paramedics. The results of the research have shown that they perceive specifics primarily in the anatomy and physiology of the children's body. Among other things, also in access and communication. Paramedics have expressed fear and apprehension about caring for a critically ill child.
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Radiation Risk Communication for Paediatric Patients in Nuclear Medicine
SOVADINOVÁ, Petra
Radiation protection in pediatric patients is a very current topic as the use of ionizing radiation in children's medicine is an integral part of the diagnosis or treatment of many diseases. International attention is paid to radiosensitivity in children. This is because a child's organism is much more sensitive to radiation than an adult's, and many parents are afraid of exposing their child to the risks of ionizing radiation. It may also happen that they may refuse the examination, but consistent and understandable communication between experts and parents can contribute to greater trust and mental peace of both the parents and their child patient. In the theoretical part, the problem of ionizing radiation, its effects on the human organism and the use of ionizing radiation in medicine, specifically in examinations at the nuclear medicine department, are described. The diploma thesis is focused on the risks in pediatric patients who undergo an examination in which ionizing radiation is used. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to emphasize the importance of ionizing radiation in medicine and to find out how communication between parents and a specialist takes place before the examination. It also appeals to the positive benefits of the examination outweighing the risks. A part of the research investigation is to find out whether parents are aware of the examination their child is undergoing and whether it contributes to alleviating their fears about the application of ionizing radiation. The research part is processed in the form of a questionnaire survey with the parents of child patients and interviews with experts in nuclear medicine.
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Specifics of nursing care in children hospitalized with infectious disease
KŮSOVÁ, Marie
The bachelor thesis deals with the specifics of nursing care for children hospitalized with infectious disease. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and research parts. The theoretical part deals with infectious diseases in childhood, specifically infectious diseases of the digestive and respiratory tract, infectious exanthematous disease and infections affecting the CNS. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care for children with these diseases and their needs during hospitalization. It describes the transmission and agents of infectious diseases, as well as the prevention of infectious diseases in children, specifically the barrier regimen. The research section focuses on the specifics of nursing care and the most common nursing problems in children with infectious disease. The aim of this part was to identify and describe the specifics of nursing care in children hospitalized with infectious disease. A qualitative form of research inquiry was used to conduct the research through semi-structured interviews with ten participants. Nurses from the children's ward were deliberately selected for the research investigation. The questions were directed at specific systems that are discussed in the theoretical part of this thesis. The research investigation was completed after theoretical data saturation. Further, it was then categorized using the open coding method, specifically the pencil and paper method. Based on this coding, several categories and sub-categories were constructed. From the research, it was found that nurses know the specifics of nursing care for children with infectious disease. Nurses can describe the barrier nursing care procedure, but not all nurses follow this procedure. Nurses are able to list and describe the most commonly encountered nursing problems in infectious diseases.
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Primary care from the point of view of a pediatric nurse working at a general practitioner for children and adolescents
TLAČILOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor's thesis deals with primary care from the perspective of a pediatric nurse working in a general practitioner for children and adolescents. Our aim was to find out the specifics of the work of primary care nurses and their collaboration with parents of children during preventive checkups.The theoretical part focuses on the definition of the term primary care in pediatrics, regular preventive checkups, the job description of the primary care nurse, and educational and communication skills. Our aim was to find out the specifics of the work of primary care nurses and their collaboration with parents of children during preventive checkups. The practical part was developed in the form of a qualitative investigation using a semi-structured interview technique with non-medical staff in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents
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Food intolerances and allergies in children from the perspective of nursing staff
KREJSOVÁ, Lucie
Food intolerance is a condition where there is an absence of a substance or a group of substances that under physiological conditions help to process food. Food intolerances are manifested by a wide range of symptoms and can be caused by a number of factors. If a child develops a food intolerance, his organism is unable to digest and process the given food due to the absence of a certain substance, and thus a number of clinical symptoms arise, which in most cases concern several organ systems. In contrast to food allergy, food intolerance is directly dependent on the amount of the inciting substance ingested and the onset of clinical symptoms. For food intolerances in less sensitive individuals, even a trace amount of the problematic food may not cause any clinical symptoms. It is even recommended that a child patient who suffers from food intolerance does not follow an elimination diet, but should include a small amount of the problem food in the diet. This is to prevent the maintenance of unwanted sensitization. Among the well-known symptoms of food intolerance are diarrhea, abdominal pain, but less well-known symptoms include fatigue, headaches, migraines or musculoskeletal problems. For the treatment of lactose intolerance are dietary supplements currently available on the market, which are taken with food and contain lactase, an enzyme that helps break down lactose (milk sugar), so the patient can also consume foods that contain lactose. Currently, it is still difficult to understand the pathophysiology of some food intolerances, and for that reason they can be dangerous in children. On the other hand, food allergy is a condition where an inappropriate and unwanted reaction of the child patient's immune system occurs. The development of food allergy is influenced by the genetic predisposition of the child patient, but also by his environment. Food allergies can cause mild, but also very serious body reactions. Therefore, unlike food intolerance, it is recommended to follow an elimination diet and avoid even trace amounts of the allergen. Food allergies can cause a life-threatening condition called anaphylactic shock, which can lead to the subsequent death of a child patient. Therefore, it is important that such patients follow a strict diet and that their surroundings, including parents and nursing staff, know the typical symptoms of anaphylactic shock. Clinical symptoms of food allergy include problems with the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory problems or skin symptoms, which include atopic dermatitis. Breastfeeding and the nutrition of a lactating mother play an important role in the prevention of food allergy, because important microbial colonization of the child's intestines occurs during breastfeeding. For children, it is important to know that food allergies disappear spontaneously in most of them over time, most often around school age. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to find out how nurses care for a child patient who suffers from a food allergy or intolerance and to find out what knowledge nurses have about food allergies and intolerances. Qualitative research was conducted using a semi-structured interview method. For better processing, the interviews were anonymously recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed into written form. The results of the qualitative investigation were analyzed using the pencil and paper method. Furthermore, the results were categorized into five categories. Categorization: Symptoms, Food allergies, Knowledge, Anaphylactic shock, Specifics of nursing care. The categories are further divided systematically according to the resulting answers of the female respondents into another eleven subcategories. The results are clearly divided into tables and schemas. The research showed that nurses know the specifics of nursing care for children with food allergies or intolerances, but the mapped knowledge of nurses about food allergies and intolerances is insufficient.
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