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Dietary habits in inflammatory bowel disease
NÝVLTOVÁ, Natálie
This paper deals with the dietary habits of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In the theoretical part, the anatomy of the digestive tract is described, then, for example, the epidemiology, clinical picture and therapeutic options for IBD. The first aim of the thesis was to describe the dietary habits of patients with idiopathic intestinal inflammation in the period of relapse and remission, as well as how the patients were educated about nutritional measures and in this way highlight the role of the dietitian. The second aim was to focus on the food choices of the low residue diet (Doberský, 1983) and the CDED diet, then to make comparisons for foods that might appear problematic from the CDED diet choices relative to the low residue diet of Doberský, (1983). Eight respondents diagnosed with IBD participated in the study. Data collection was conducted using a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews, and was subsequently compiled into individual case studies. A table of these selected foods was then evaluated. Finally, the menus sent by the respondents were evaluated using Nutriservis Professional software. Data analysis showed that in 7 of the 8 cases, the dietitian was not independently involved in patient education. Furthermore, in cases where adequate education was not provided, respondents tended to gravitate towards unnecessary dietary restrictions. The eating habits of the respondents during relapse and remission were highly individual. In the part of the paper where the food list was analysed, some respondents tolerated selected foods in relapse and remission, although none of them had an indicated CDED diet or were taking Modulen. This work may serve the patients with IBS themselves to better understand the nutritional issues in UC or CD. Also to students or the general public.
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Nutrition in patients with chronic diseases of gastrointestinal tract
HOLÁNOVÁ, Karolína
In my thesis I deal with the nutrition of people suffering from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. I also observe, how these people abide by the regularity and diversity in nutrition. In the theoretical part of the thesis I deal with the characteristics of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, their symptoms, complications and treatment. Very important part of the thesis is also nutrition and diet recommendation for the periods of remission and relapse. In the practical part, a qualitative research was made, which had two parts. The first part consisted of weekly menu of each respondent, its calculations in the Nutriservis Professional programme and subsequent evaluation. In each menu was tracked the intake of basic nutrients, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as overall energy intake and the amount of fibers intake. All of the respondents were educated how to write the menu. The second part of the practical part of the thesis consisted of half-structured interviews. The interview consisted of 20 questions on the topic nutrition and symptoms following aforementioned diseases. The respondents were chosen for the research on the principle of "snowball" method. The whole research set consisted of 20 respondents, however the conditions for taking part in the research were fulfilled by only 6 respondents. Half of the set were people, both men a women, suffering from Crohn's disease and the second half were people suffering from ulcerative colitis. I further elaborated on the results of the menu calculations and put them in coherent tables and compared them to the optimal numbers for each respondent. The results were processed and then divided into groups.
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Quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
HAVELKOVÁ, Kristýna
Inflammatory bowel disease is often discussed topic among the medics in the field of diagnostics, treatment and prognosis, however what is usually ignored is quality of life. The bachelor thesis aims at revealing the quality of life of patients with idiopathic bowel disease. The theoretical part introduces inflammatory bowel disease with its principal types of Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis. The empiric part is focused on IBD patients´ quality of life. The research part of the thesis is based on standardized questionnaire Short Form 36, aimed at quality of life of patients in South Bohemia. For reaching the goal, three main hypotheses were selected: H1: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have mental problems. H2: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have physical problems. H3: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have social problems. The questionnaire construction was conducted in Word Excel programme using graphs and basic statistics. A positive output from the respondents was very surprising because the most of the respondents answered the questions concerning their quality of life positively. It is possible to state that this situation may be caused by the latest available treatment, timely diagnosis and also by a certain effort within our society to deal with chronically ill patients with kindness and respect. This survey convinced me that also people with chronical diseases can have good quality of life. The topic of this bachelor thesis was highly interesting for me; my original presumptions were different, therefore the results were surprisingly pleasing. Creating this bachelor thesis was very helpful for me. This bachelor thesis can be used as informative material for nurses in hospitals or for students of non-medical health care branches. Furthermore, this thesis can be used for further study.
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Nursing care by children on biological treatment for Crohn's disease
KOUBOVÁ, Marta
This bachelor's work with the title: Nursing care of children with the Crohn´s disease going through biological treatment concerns with the care specifics which are necessary for the child´s patient during biological treatment giving. The Crohn´s disease has been along with the ulcerous colitis called by omnibus term for idiopatic intestinal inflammation characterised also by the abbreviation IBD from the English Inflammatory Bowel Disease. It refers to chronic inflammatory intestinal disease which affects intestine segmentally with intestine mucous membrane hitting in total thickness and has been characterised by remise and relapse phases. In the treatment connection, the aim is life quality improvement not only at the children but also at the adults. In the curative scheme the biological treatment has a high therapeutic potential which is from the costs viewpoint applied at relatively small sample of patients. For this bachelor´s work objects fulfillment was qualitative research investigation. Within research investigation were two aims determined. First goal was finding if nurses know specifics of the nursing care of children with the Crohn´ s disease. Second goal was to find out if nurses know biological treatment giving principles. On the basis of mentioned bachelor´s work aims the explorative questions were set: Which knowledge do nurses have of care at the children with the Crohn´s disease going through biological treatment? How do nurses ensure specific nursing care of children with the Crohn´s disease going through biological treatment? Which principles do nurses consider important at the care of the Crohn´s disease children going through biological treatment? The empirical part of bachelor´s work was processed in the form of data qualitative analysis using semi-structured talks and participated hidden monitoring. The research file consisted of eight respondents who participate upon applications of biological treatment at children with the Crohn´s disease diagnostics. Respondents answerred on the basis of own knowledge and acquired experience. The conversations were processed using open coding technique method pencil and paper. The categories and codes were processed into thought maps representing also respondents answers. The research investigation was added by semi-structured talk with the child´s gastroenterologist ensuring the biological care. The hidden participated monitoring was other used method taken at the same research file during the biological treatment application with focus on nursing care. Under the bachelor´s work will be organized the course on the basis of theoretical part and acquired results in the children´s ward of the České Budějovice hospital with orientation on nurses applying biological treatment and also on nurses unknowing in this problems.
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A client with non specific intestinal inflammations in community care
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Jana
Non specific intestinal inflammations, including Crohn´s disease and ulcerous colitis, belong to so called civilization diseases. Their cause is not completely clear. There is a common factor of both the diseases, that they attack mainly young people between 20 and 30 years of age. These diseases affect mainly physical, but also mental and social aspects of client´s lives. A client needs to have sufficient information on his/her disease and its treatment to be able to cooperate with medical staff actively and thus contribute to improvement of his/her health condition. A nurse plays an important role here as well. Nurse are those who are in permanent contact with a patient and patiens often ask them questions they would be embarrassed to ask a physician. Support of family and friends is also of great importace. Patient organizations that support and help patiens suffering from non specific intestine inflammations and also support their family members may also play an important role. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to find out how patiens with non specific intestine inflammations may benefit from patient associations, to find out how nurses participate in keeping the clients informed and to compile material for clients with non specific intestine inflammations. The qualitative research method was used in the practical part of the thesis. Data collection was performed by means of a semi-structured interwiew. The research sample consisted of selected clients with non specific intestine inflammations, members of IBD CROCODILE Club České Budějovice, participants of seminars of CroCus Patient Club České Budějovice and a civil association of patiens with idiopathic intestine inflammations in Prague. Case studies were elaborated upon interviews with the indiviual respondents. The case studies formed a base for categorization tables in which the most important research results were summarized. Apart from the set goals the research results showed problems the patiens and thein families have to cope with on daily basis. The disease has the most serious impact on their lives in the fields of nourishment, physical activities and travelling. The elaborated information material may be used in seminars of patient organizations, but also in classes at medical school. The research result might be published at specialized lectures and conferences.
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Computed tomography of the intestinal tract, usage, advantages and disadvantages of this metod
SMOLÁKOVÁ, Eva
In presented essay author tries to offer comprehensive overview of possibilities of computer tomography (CT) in examination of the intestinal tract at her radiologic department. Introduction of Multidetector CT represents outstanding advance in spatial resolution in z - axis and accelerated data acquisition wihout increase of radiation dose. All these advantages of Multidetector CT project strongly onto examination of the intestines. At author´s department CT enterography and CT colonography replaced to the background classic methods as irrigoscopy and enteroclysis. The feasibility of assessment of the intestinal tract and other abdominal organs at the same time is the most significant contribution of this method. At our department we note progressive decrease of number of enteroclysis examinations since the year 2003. Limitations of this method are radiation exposure, intravenous application of iodine contrast medium and impossibility to obtain specimens for histologic examination. We expect, that future technologies will reduce some of these disadvantages.
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