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Basic Aspects of Population Protection against Consequences of Chemical Terrorism in the Czech Republic
Drápal, Stanislav ; Hradil, Jaroslav (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
The theme of my bachelor work is The basic aspect of population protection against conseqences of chemical terrorism in the Czech Republic. In my bachelor work, I drew from home and foreign sources over the past ten years. The opening part of my work deals of basic concepts relating to terrorism and its branches. It states some case studies of terrorist attacks against civil inhabitants with the aid of chemical agents. The middle part engages in a characteristic and dividing of particular chemical warfare agents and dangerous toxic chemical agents. There are stated lawful norms and measures used in the Czech Republic. Also processes of medical sectors Emergency Rescue System in provision of pre-hospital urgent care in cases of mass impairment of health. In closing I analyse preparedness of inhabitants in the Czech Republic to possibility of a chemical terrorist attack and I suggest a handbook „The danger of a chemical attack“ to civil inhabitants.
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Hazardous Chemical Substances and Preparations
Lacina, Petr ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor‘s thesis is to present a brief and current summary of hazardous chemical substances based on simultaneous laws in force. It introduces basic information and data on industrial hazardous chemical substances and basic characteristics of chemical warfare agents. This thesis also deals with documentation related to solutions for emergency events in connection with hazardous chemical agent escape – type plans, methodical sheets. The work results in a proposal for another methodical sheet focused on interventions of concrete hazardous chemical substance escape, i.e. hydrogen chloride. In this way the proposal can extend the methodical sheets for chlorine and ammonia currently in use. This thesis also presents list of toxic chemical, industrial and warfare substances for working up another methodical sheets.
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Extraction Detoxification of Sensitive Components
Andrle, Marek ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (referee) ; Skoumal, Miroslav (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Solvent extraction is one of the methods available for the decontamination of sensitive equipments that are contaminated with chemical warfare agents. The efficiency of extraction method have been verified on the samples, (steel or rubber) that have been contaminated with drops of mustard gas. These samples have been inserted into the extraction flow cell through which solvent (ethoxynonafluorobutane - HFE-7200) flowed. The solvent was sampled in the time intervals. These samples of solvent were analysed for the concentration of mustard gas. Process of extraction was monitored for the three operational factors (the solvent flow rate, temperature and the ultrasound power) and for three different situations (dissolution of drops of mustard gas, mustard gas desorption from the structure of the sample and dissolve drops of mustard gas with the subsequent desorption from the sample). The development of the decontamination process in time was found to consist of two stages. In the first stage the rapid dissolution of the liquid part of mustard gas in a solvent and in the second phase was such as mustard desorption from the structure of the sample and this phase was considerably slower. Extraction is to accelerate increasing the value of the flow of the solvent, the temperature and the performance of the ultrasound. These operational fac-tors have a significant impact on the thickness of the laminar layer of solvent, the solvent replacement coefficient in a cell, diffusion parameters in the process, the viscosity, the solubility of mustard gas in a solvent and the maximum achievable concentration of mustard gas in the rubber sample. The values of adjustable parameters was obtained by mathematical analysis of mathematical model. The progress of extraction under different operational conditions can be predicted by these parameters. The effect of solvents and ultrasound was experimentally verified for selected equipments of computing and communication technology. The possibility of separation of chemical warfare agents from the solvent was verified too.
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History and Present Status of the Chemical Weapons
Virglerová, Kateřina ; Doležel, Ludvík (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
In the first part, this bachelor thesis deals with the history of chemical weapons from the high antiquity to present. In the next part, the thesis concentrates on the international Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1993) with a special focus on the current status of its implementation in the area of the destruction of chemical weapons and chemical warfare agents. The final part of the thesis is aimed at the current national regulations on the prohibition of chemical weapons and at the implementation of these measures in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The control activity of the State Office for Nuclear Safety is evaluated primarily and its possible improvement is suggested.
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Possibilities of misuse of selected chemical warfare agents in a terrorist attack in the Czech Republic
HŘEBEČEK, Jan
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the misuse of chemical warfare agents in a terrorist attack. In the theoretical part, the terms terrorism, chemical terrorism, dangerous chemical substances and mixtures and chemical warfare agents were defined on the basis of legal regulations and professional literature. Furthermore, chemical warfare agents are described in detail, the possibilities of their spread, effects of use and, based on a theoretical study of sources, a list of serious terrorist acts in which chemical agents have been used and the current security situation in the fight against chemical terrorism in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, selected BCHL were evaluated on the basis of significant kriteria and simulated a terrorist attack in the Prague metro. The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibilities of misuse of selected BCHL in a terrorist attack and to answer the research question whether the use of chemical terrorism in the Czech Republic is currently a threat. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that chemical terrorism is currently a threat in the Czech Republic. The reason is the relatively easy availability of these substances, the low financial costs of carrying out an attack and the minimum requirements for the expertise of attackers. The work offers a relatively comprehensive view of the issue.
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Chemical weapons and preparedness of the Integrated Rescue System
TRSKOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the Integrated Rescue System, its components and preparedness of these components for intervention in case of the attack of chemical weapons. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether the selected basic components of the Integrated Rescue System are able to respond to the danger caused by the chemical weapons attack. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical, general characteristics of chemical weapons are described here. Furthermore, the history of the development of chemical weapons is briefly mentioned, important milestones in this area are added, such as the first use of a chemical weapon. The next point is the description of the individual chemical warfare agents, the description includes the basic characteristics, effects on the body, and possible protection against them. Part of my thesis is devoted to IRS itself, means of individual protection and decontamination. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with the Convention on the Prohibition of Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and Their Destruction. The second part, i.e. the practical part, defines the methods and objectives of the research itself and the results that are graphically processed for the sake of clarity. Subsequently, the results are described in the discussion. The goal of the thesis was to answer the research question. Are the basic components of the Integrated Rescue System ready to possible attack by chemical weapons? To ensure this information, a questionnaire survey was used to fill the basic components. A total of 54 people participated in this survey. Research has revealed that the knowledge of the chemical weapons components of the IRS is low, from which it can be concluded that the components are not sufficiently prepared to attack chemical weapons. The practical contribution of this thesis should be mainly to increase the number of exercises related to this issue and increase the theoretical preparation of the monitored components of the Integrated Rescue System.
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Prague Emergency Medical Services Preparedness for Medical Intervention During Chemical Threat in Metro
TEJKL, Miroslav
The goal of this theses is to analyse the preparedness of Prague Emergency Medical Services (hereinafter Prague EMS) for chemical attack in subway (metro). The theoretical part states general information about chemical terrorism and the Integrated Rescue System's solution. The research part focuses on procedures following from Integrated Rescue System Common Type Activity during joint action - Reaction on chemical attack in subway (hereinafter STČ 13/IZS). This document was subjected to content analysis to meet the goals. The work then focuses on the evaluation of Prague EMS training Metro 2014 whose goal was to practice the procedures and joint deployment of Integrated Rescues System members and other subject according to STČ 13/IZS. For the evaluation complexity, the results were supplemented by SWOT analysis which pointed at another usable knowledge. All conclusions are clearly organized in charts and they are efficiently worked with to set new measures and recommendations which would increase the preparedness of Prague EMS for chemical attack in metro. The goal of this work to assess the level of preparedness and to submit final protocol to organisation's crisis management was fulfilled. The main benefit of this work is a recommendation for the reinforcement of crisis preparedness at Prague EMS. Furthermore the work brings new expert findings to solved problematics.
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Extraction Detoxification of Sensitive Components
Andrle, Marek ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (referee) ; Skoumal, Miroslav (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Solvent extraction is one of the methods available for the decontamination of sensitive equipments that are contaminated with chemical warfare agents. The efficiency of extraction method have been verified on the samples, (steel or rubber) that have been contaminated with drops of mustard gas. These samples have been inserted into the extraction flow cell through which solvent (ethoxynonafluorobutane - HFE-7200) flowed. The solvent was sampled in the time intervals. These samples of solvent were analysed for the concentration of mustard gas. Process of extraction was monitored for the three operational factors (the solvent flow rate, temperature and the ultrasound power) and for three different situations (dissolution of drops of mustard gas, mustard gas desorption from the structure of the sample and dissolve drops of mustard gas with the subsequent desorption from the sample). The development of the decontamination process in time was found to consist of two stages. In the first stage the rapid dissolution of the liquid part of mustard gas in a solvent and in the second phase was such as mustard desorption from the structure of the sample and this phase was considerably slower. Extraction is to accelerate increasing the value of the flow of the solvent, the temperature and the performance of the ultrasound. These operational fac-tors have a significant impact on the thickness of the laminar layer of solvent, the solvent replacement coefficient in a cell, diffusion parameters in the process, the viscosity, the solubility of mustard gas in a solvent and the maximum achievable concentration of mustard gas in the rubber sample. The values of adjustable parameters was obtained by mathematical analysis of mathematical model. The progress of extraction under different operational conditions can be predicted by these parameters. The effect of solvents and ultrasound was experimentally verified for selected equipments of computing and communication technology. The possibility of separation of chemical warfare agents from the solvent was verified too.
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