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Effect of caloric restriction on neuroplasticity
Sonina, Alisa ; Málková, Petra (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
Calorie restriction has been shown to have a wide range of beneficial effects on health and longevity, although its effects on brain function are not as well known. This paper reviews the current state of research on the effects of calorie restriction on neuroplasticity, including studies examining the molecular, structural, and behavioral effects of dietary restriction in animal and human models. Overall, the evidence suggests that caloric restriction promotes neuroplasticity. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine the optimal duration and intensity of caloric restriction. Key words: Caloric restriction, neuroplasticity, diet, cognition, neurogenesis, metabolism
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Role of post-translational modifications, O-GlcNAcylation and Phosphorylation, in neurodegenerative disorders and brain hypometabolism
Špundová, Tereza ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Čočková, Zuzana (referee)
Post-translational modifications are major mechanisms that highly increase the variability in protein function. O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation are among the most extensively studied post-translational modifications in research to date. In physiological conditions, O- GlcNAcylation acts as a metabolic sensor that links glucose metabolism to normal neuronal functioning. Reversible phosphorylation is one of the mechanisms that can downregulate metabolism by regulating the rates of flux through metabolic pathways. The impairments in the regulation of these modifications are linked to with neurodegenerative disorders and hypometabolism. This thesis focuses on the crosstalk and correlation between these two modifications, their reciprocal relationship and their mutual impact on their regulations in models of neurodegenerative diseases and disease non-related models. Keywords: hypometabolism, O-GlcNAcylation, phosphorylation, post- translational modifications, neurodegenerative disorders, hibernation, caloric restriction, memory, learning
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NITRIC OXIDE AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Šnorek, Michal ; Herget, Jan (advisor) ; Ošťádal, Petr (referee) ; Al-Hiti, Hikmet (referee)
In cardiology, there are different conditions associated with the release of free radicals in some forms of hypoxia, such as ventilatory hypoxia or reduced perfusion. The role of free radicals during hypoxia in cardiology is the key point of our interest. In presented thesis, we have focused on hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and acute myocardial ischemia. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), an important physiological mechanism, is regulated by changes in the production of and interactions among reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is controversy, however, over whether HPV is mediated by an increase or a decrease in ROS production. Also, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in HPV remains unclear. Our results indicate that inhibition of HPV by the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol does not depend on either NO production or a decrease in basal vascular tone. The effect of three-day fasting on cardiac ischemic tolerance was investigated in another experimental model. Short-term fasting conclusively decreases ROS production. Three-day fasting effectively protected rat hearts against major endpoints of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. It prevented severe ventricular arrhythmias and reduced the extent of myocardial infarction. These beneficial effects can be linked to altered mitochondrial redox...
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