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Barcoding společenstva makrozoobentosu Křesánovského potoka
PEJCHAROVÁ, Eliška
Molecular genetic methods, including barcoding, have been increasingly utilized in recent years for the analysis of communities of macrozoobenthos and many other organisms. Morphological identification of precise species of mayflies, caddisflies, or stoneflies in their larval stage is demanding and requires a significant amount of time and expertise. Barcoding analysis can help to classify disputed species more accurately. The aim of this thesis is to use the barcoding method to determine selected representatives of macrozoobenthos and verify the morphological determination of macrozoobenthos representatives. The studied locality is Křesánovský Stream in southern Bohemia. DNA was extracted from the collected samples and using mitochondrial gene CO1 and primer pairs LCO1490, HCO2198, jgLOC1490, and jgHCO2198, sequences were created and tested in the BLAST program. The most similar sequences from publicly available databases were obtained, compared to sequences from this thesis and the exact species were subsequently determined. A total of 57 samples were studied, from which 29 species were morphologically identified (six species of mayflies, eight species of caddisflies, seven species of stoneflies, three representatives of beetles, four species of dipterans, and one specimen of Gammarus fossarum), and 30 species were identified through barcoding (11 species of mayflies, eight species of caddisflies, five species of stoneflies, two species of dipterans, three species of beetles, and one species of fleas). Morphological determination was successful in 63% of cases. The success rate was 74% for mayflies, 67% for caddisflies, 33% for stoneflies, and 25% for dipterans. The specimen of Gammarus fossarum was morphologically identified correctly. Barcoding appears to be a suitable method for studying macrozoobenthos and an excellent complement to morphological analysis of samples. However, it has its limitations, and it is not appropriate to consider it as the sole method for determining macrozoobenthos samples.
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Phylogeny and biogeography of Neotropical and African riverine cichlids: multilocus phylogenetic methods in the evolutionary studies
Musilová, Zuzana ; Novák, Jindřich (advisor) ; Bryja, Josef (referee) ; Reichard, Martin (referee)
Summary: The thesis comprises from the introduction and five main parts: three of them are published papers, the rest two are manuscripts prepared for submitting to the scientific journals. The first two are published phylogenetic studies of the cichlasomatine cichlids based on (1) molecular characters, and (2) both morphological and molecular data with the description of a new genus Andinoacara. The third (3) is the already published description of the new species Andinoacara stalsbergi from Peru combining both morphological and phylogenetic approaches and including the detailed phylogeny of the genus Andinoacara. The next unpublished manuscript (4) is the more detailed comprehensive phylogeography of the two non-relative genera (including Andinoacaras) of the trans-Andean cichlids. Including all valid species from the majority of their distribution areas it was reconstructed the ancestral area of both genera in the Choco region, Colombia, and revealed the directions of their distribution spreading. The last (5) unpublished manuscript is the phylogeographical study of the cichlid genus Serranochromis from the headwaters of the totally unknown Central Angola. It showed several evidences of the faunal exchange among the adjacent river systems. Lastly, the thesis is supplemented by several appendices...
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