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Molekulární diagnostika septických stavů
Nekudová, Pavlína
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs because of the host's immune response to infection. Early and correct identification of the causative agent of sepsis is crucial for the survival of septic patients to initiate targeted therapy as soon as possible. Despite the advances in molecular biological methods used to detect pathogens, blood cultures remain the recommended standard for identifying the cause of sepsis. However, this method is time-consuming, so it does not significantly affect the initial therapy of sepsis. As part of this bachelor's thesis, research was written on the topic of sepsis and detection methods enabling the identification of sepsis agents. Emphasis was placed on molecular biological methods using the polymerase chain reaction. In the experimental part, the possibilities of pre-analytical processing of blood, which is the primary material for the detection of sepsis, were investigated. Approaches that could increase the sensitivity of detection or facilitate the handling of the sample in the diagnostic laboratory using the PCR-based method were evaluated. The use of the commercial MolYsis-Basic5 kit resulted in only a slight improvement in detection sensitivity. The use of plasma as a clinical material instead of blood is relevant. Unlike blood, we can freeze and store plasma. The time and cost of these approaches, together with the higher laboratory equipment requirements, are not balanced by the benefits in terms of increased detection sensitivity. Thus, the use of these pre-analytical approaches will not be further considered in the development of a system for rapid molecular diagnosis of sepsis.
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Hodnocení výskytu ektoparazitů psů a koček v regionu Jevíčko
Lettlová, Petra
This work deals with issues related to external parasites in dogs and cats in a spe-cific area, ie the Jevíčko region, Svitavy district in the Pardubice region. The work deals with the issue of the occurrence of ectoparasites in dogs and cats. It is also mentioned in what season the parasites are most prevalent. I worked with a database of patients in a veterinary surgery, where the identification of individual species was performed micros-copically. My follow-up of the issue took place in 2019. During my research I found out that the most represented species are fleas that occur all year round, ticks had the greatest activity in spring and autumn, mainly kittens fought scabies, only dogs suffered from demodex parasite and only in four cases and eotrombicula autumnalis appeared throughout the year only in a single dog in early au-tumn.
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The attitude of students of nursing towards blood donations in the Czech Republic
VIČÍKOVÁ, Veronika
Introduction: The thesis focuses on the attitude of nursing students towards the issue of blood donation in the Czech Republic. Blood donation is a key element of health care with a significant impact on patients. The shortage of blood for medical purposes is a long-standing problem, which has been highlighted by health insurance companies, hospitals and the media in order to increase interest in voluntary donation. For this reason, it is important to know the subjective views of future health professionals who play an important role in promoting blood donation in Czech healthcare institutions. Aim of the thesis: The main aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out the opinion of the students and to find out their involvement in blood donation. Methodology: Data collection was carried out using a non-standardized questionnaire, which was distributed among nursing students at the 3rd Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague and among students at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The questions were distributed so that students who had not yet donated blood received a different set of questions than students who had already donated blood. The total number of questions was 25. The data were analysed and statistically processed using Microsoft Excel. Results: The research sample consisted of 115 respondents. The results show that only 23% of the total number of students donate blood. The most common reasons are health limitations or lack of interest. Respondents who have already donated blood have a rather positive opinion about the blood donation process and the professionalism of the staff. Through our research we found that students are most influenced in their decision to donate blood by family, school and an unexpected event. Conclusion: the results show that there is a need to focus more on promoting blood donation through the internet, where they spend most of their time. Through social media, they can learn more about the increased need to donate blood and then research more information on websites. Healthcare students can then motivate patients and the society around them to donate blood.
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Imunohaematological examination of donors for haematological - transfusion department of Hospital Písek a.s.
STAŠKOVÁ, Markéta
The bachelor's thesis on "Immunohaematological Examination of blood donors at the Hematology and Transfusion Department of the Hospital Písek a.s." focuses on the issue of immunohaematological examination of whole blood donors, which includes blood group examination in the AB0 and RhD blood group system. Both in the past and nowadays, blood donation is necessary and voluntary. Some organisations organise the recruitment of new donors. Although blood donation in the Czech Republic is entirely free, donors are provided with certain benefits, e.g., tax discounts, time off on donation day, etc. Donated blood is needed for various surgical procedures, as a medical treatment, etc. The main aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate the number of donors coming to the blood collection point of the HTO (Haematology and transfusion department) of the Hospital Písek a.s. in the period of 6 years and to compare the representation of individual blood groups in the AB0 and RhD blood group systems with the representation of blood groups in the population. In the research part of the bachelor's thesis, a set of donors for the years 2017-2022 whose blood group was in the AB0 blood grouping system (i.e., A, B, AB, and 0) and in the RhD system (RhD positive and RhD negative) was obtained in the laboratory examinations.
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Distribution of erytrocyte anisocytosis in the population
KUBEŠOVÁ, Natálie
Anisocytosis is a condition in which the erythrocytes are unequal. Anisocytosis itself is a non-specific term as there are several different ways in which cells can be unequal. Various factors can affect the size of red blood cells and this cause anisocytosis. It can be determined by a complete blood count in the laboratory. It is a screening examination that is performed on patients before surgery or as a preventive examination. The blood count measures several different components of blood. Venous blood, which is collected in a plastic tube containing an anticoagulant, is usually used for this. The blood count is used to diagnose anisocytosis using a measurement called red blood cell (erythrocyte) distribution width (RDW). Anisocytosis is often related to most anaemias and many other blood disorders. RDW can provide an insight into the nature of anaemias. Elevated RDW levels may be a sign of, for example, iron deficiency anaemia or macrocytic anaemia. On contrary, decreased RDW can mean thalassemia. An expert research on anisocytosis and its diagnosis and treatment has been prepared. The practical part has been focused on the identification of anisocytosis in the blood count. The blood counts were performed in 534 patients who had been referred for the examination by their attending physicians. The blood counts were performed at the Department of Clinical Haematology, Hospital České Budějovice a.s. The aim was to determine blood count values, to determine the distribution of anisocytosis in the population examined and to evaluate its age - and gender-related incidence. The results of the research show that anisocytosis is more common in older patients, regardless of whether they are male or female. Furthermore, the research was aimed at the association between anisocytosis and anaemia. It has been statistically confirmed that when the patients were anaemic and therefore had low haemoglobin values, the red cell distribution width values increased above the physiological limit.
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Study of diaphragm pump with linear motor
Čejka, Pavel ; Uttendorfský, Petr (referee) ; Pochylý, František (advisor)
The diploma thesis is aimed at the constructional design of diaphragm pumps with a linear motor. This pump is supposed to be used in medicine for pumping the blood or as an artificial heart. The basic facts, which are focused on the function of the heart and artificial heart, are mentioned in the first parts of the thesis. The next parts describe the diaphragm pumps and the constructional ways of their diaphragm fixation. Furthermore, the basic calculations, describing the function of the pump, are derived there. The basic parameters of the pump are also calculated. The thesis also contains the description of the body pump construction, whose working room is optimized by CFD calculation before the pump is manufactured. The final part of the thesis is concentrated on the measurement evaluation of produced pump model.
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Determination of Blood Pressure
Plch, Miroslav ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
The thesis includes a general introduction to monitoring and measurement of blood pressure of horses, the design of algorithms for pressure curve detection and the calculation of respiratory variabilities in mechanical ventilation under anaesthesia. The first two chapters focus on anatomy, on characteristics of blood flow and on vascular system. Then it deals with the measurement of blood pressure, monitoring of a horse under anaesthesia and it describes particular thermodynamic parameters. In the following part of the thesis, the methods of pressure curve detection are described. The last part contains the description of an algorithm designed for detection of pressure curve of horses in the environment of the program LabVIEW. The program calculates, displays and saves variabilities of systolic pressure, pulse volume, pressure amplitude, pulse frequency, peripheral resistance and vascular expansion from the detected values.
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Doppler blood flow detector
Klügl, Jan ; Čech, Petr (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is engage in suggestion of nondirection doppler blood flow detector with unmodulated carrying wave. At first the thesis describes indicator's principle of working and mention the systemic proposal for working frequency and intensity of ultrasound. Later in detail describes individual blocks, which are the detector consist of. At every block of system is mentioned the diagram of connection and values of components, which are ascertained from calculation, simulation and recommendation of producer.
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Breath Alcohol Tester
Pagáč, Patrik ; Kolář, Radim (referee) ; Chmelař, Milan (advisor)
The theme of bachlor’s project is design of simply breath alkohol tester. A breath alcohol test determines how much alcohol is in your blood by measuring the amount of alcohol in the air you breathe out (exhale).My task is interpret the possibility of measuring the alcohol content in the body. Describe the different methods and compare their accuracy and useability for practical measurements and also used in law enforcement.
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