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The effect of reaction conditions and type of active sites on the kinetics of heterogeneously catalysed formylation of amines
Olšovská, Adéla ; Veselý, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kubička, David (referee)
Formamides are valuable compounds in pharmaceutical production and organic synthesis; however, their common synthesis methods suffer from number of drawbacks including low reaction rate and contamination with heavy metals leached from a catalyst. According to several articles, these problems could be overcome by using zeolite-based catalysts. Nevertheless, the mentioned articles provide somewhat conflicting results and also lack a clear description of which centres in zeolites are catalytic active. Therefore, we prepared a set of zeolite-based catalysts commonly described in the literature (zeolite Beta ion exchanged to H+ and Cu2+ form) in order to test them as catalysts and clarify their catalytic behaviour and nature of the active sites. We chose formylation of N-methylaniline by formic acid as the model reaction for our research and performed a series of experiments under varying conditions (solvents, concentration of reactants, temperature). In contrast to the published articles, none of the investigated materials demonstrated significant catalytic activity in our experiments. Moreover, we found that the often pronounced catalyst: zeolite Beta ion-exchanged into the copper form, is unstable in the presence of formic acid, which causes leaching of copper into the reaction mixture. At the same...
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