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Interactions of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and their accompanying symptoms
Musilová, Jana ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Cicková, Pavlína (advisor)
The thesis studies interactions and side effects of antipsychotic drugs. It describes the drug discovery and related scientific fields - especially the field of biological network analysis. The thesis also describes schizophrenia and its treatment. The aim of the work is creating script in R language for automatic data download from open source databases and a search of the most significant drug interactions in data from the open source databases, based on the visualisation and analysis of networks with Cytoscape software and its plugins, and a specification of similar pharmacological features of the most important medicaments.
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Drug repurposing for the inhibition of invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells
Turchyna, Kateryna ; Brábek, Jan (advisor) ; Jakubek, Milan (referee)
Metastasis is the primary cause of death from cancer. Current lack of medicines for metastasis makes it a topical issue and encourages the global search for molecules that may potentially inhibit invasiveness of cancer cells, and thus prevent metastatic spread. Drug repurposing is a strategy of identifying new uses for approved drugs that are outside the scope of the original medical indication. The aim of this thesis is to summarize knowledge on the repurposing potential of selected groups of drugs with emphasis on molecular mechanisms of their action. In particular, the work is focused on selected antipsychotics, antidepressants, beta- blockers and statins, whose abilities to inhibit cancer invasiveness have been indicated.
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Embryotoxicity testing of psychopharmacs using the CHEST method
Pavlovič, Ondřej ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Maňáková, Eva (referee)
Psychotropic drugs are commonly used group of pharmaceuticals, their main effect is to alter psychic condition, including mental diseases treatment. Symptoms of mental illnesses are more and more common, theref orenumber of patients diagnosed with mental illnes, and thus using psychotropics, is growing stronger. But using psychotropics during gestation is not without risks for mother and embryo itself. However, thanks to the absence of controlled human studies, the knowledge of emrbyotoxic effects of pschotropics is limited to casuistics, reported side effects and animal experimental studies. Many of those studies suggests emrbyotoxic potential of psychotropic drugs, on the other hand, others claim their safety. The goal of this thesis is to test at least some of them, using CHEST method, that allows us to observe direct effect of unmetabolized substance on chick embryo. In this thesis we tested selected psychotropics, very common antidepressant fluoxetine (prozac) and antipsychotic drug olanzapine, for embryotoxicity, using in ovo method CHEST with chick embryos as model organism. By bypassing the maternal organism and his metabolism, this method allows to observe direct effect of unmetabolized substance on chick embryo. Results revealed embryotoxic effect of fluoxetin in dosage 10-2 and 10-3 on 3rd and...
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Psychopathology of early-onset schizophrenia and its therapy with focus on atypical neuroleptics
Koblic Zedková, Iveta ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Bareš, Martin (referee) ; Stárková, Libuše (referee)
OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to assess clinical presentation of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disoders (EO-SSD), the time to first improvement and efficacy associated with selected atypical (AAPs) and typical (TAPs) antipsychotics, as well as two main side effects - weight gain and treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) during the treatment in patients with EO-SSD. METHODS: This was a systematic chart review of all patients receiving routine clinical care in our department, with selected AAPs (risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine and clozapine) and TAPs (haloperidol, perphenazine and sulpiride), for schizophrenic psychoses, between 1997 and 2007. During this period, our review identified 173 patients (85 males, 88 females; mean age 15.8±1.6 years); their treatment included 297 treatment trials. Data on premorbid adjustment, prodromal symptoms and psychopathology at admission, as well as comorbidity were evaluated based on the patients' medical records. The time to first improvement could be estimated in 258 treatment trials; of these, 195 (76%) comprised AAPs and 63 (24%) TAPs. The time to first improvement was assessed in agreement with the methodology established for retrospective studies as the number of treatment days prior to the first record of improvement...
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The effect of psychotropic drugs on the mitochondrial functions.
Cikánková, Tereza ; Rečková Hroudová, Jana (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee) ; Vaňhara, Petr (referee)
Psychopharmaca are a large group of drugs widely used not only in psychiatry. Their systemic administration affects both the main diagnosis and the organism as a whole. The subject of our experiments is the effect of psychopharmaca on the changes in mitochondrial functions, which is beneficial for understanding of molecular mechanisms of therapeutic and adverse effects of drugs. The aim of this thesis was to study the in vitro effects of selected drugs on the cell energy metabolism. Selected antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, haloperidol, risperidone, ziprasidone, zotepine, aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine), antidepressants (bupropion, fluoxetine, amitriptyline, imipramine) and mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate, valpromide, lamotrigine, carbamazepine) were tested. In vitro effects of selected psychopharmaca were measured on isolated pig brain mitochondria. The activities of citrate synthase (CS) and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes (I, II+III, IV) were measured spectrophotometrically. Drug-induced changes of mitochondrial respiration rates linked to complex I (supported by malate and pyruvate) and complex II (supported by succinate) were evaluated by high resolution respirometry. Complex I was significantly inhibited by lithium, carbamazepine, fluoxetine,...
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Embryotoxicity testing of psychopharmacs using the CHEST method
Pavlovič, Ondřej ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Maňáková, Eva (referee)
Psychotropic drugs are commonly used group of pharmaceuticals, their main effect is to alter psychic condition, including mental diseases treatment. Symptoms of mental illnesses are more and more common, theref orenumber of patients diagnosed with mental illnes, and thus using psychotropics, is growing stronger. But using psychotropics during gestation is not without risks for mother and embryo itself. However, thanks to the absence of controlled human studies, the knowledge of emrbyotoxic effects of pschotropics is limited to casuistics, reported side effects and animal experimental studies. Many of those studies suggests emrbyotoxic potential of psychotropic drugs, on the other hand, others claim their safety. The goal of this thesis is to test at least some of them, using CHEST method, that allows us to observe direct effect of unmetabolized substance on chick embryo. In this thesis we tested selected psychotropics, very common antidepressant fluoxetine (prozac) and antipsychotic drug olanzapine, for embryotoxicity, using in ovo method CHEST with chick embryos as model organism. By bypassing the maternal organism and his metabolism, this method allows to observe direct effect of unmetabolized substance on chick embryo. Results revealed embryotoxic effect of fluoxetin in dosage 10-2 and 10-3 on 3rd and...
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Interactions of drugs used to treat schizophrenia and their accompanying symptoms
Musilová, Jana ; Janoušek, Oto (referee) ; Cicková, Pavlína (advisor)
The thesis studies interactions and side effects of antipsychotic drugs. It describes the drug discovery and related scientific fields - especially the field of biological network analysis. The thesis also describes schizophrenia and its treatment. The aim of the work is creating script in R language for automatic data download from open source databases and a search of the most significant drug interactions in data from the open source databases, based on the visualisation and analysis of networks with Cytoscape software and its plugins, and a specification of similar pharmacological features of the most important medicaments.
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Psychopathology of early-onset schizophrenia and its therapy with focus on atypical neuroleptics
Koblic Zedková, Iveta ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Bareš, Martin (referee) ; Stárková, Libuše (referee)
OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to assess clinical presentation of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disoders (EO-SSD), the time to first improvement and efficacy associated with selected atypical (AAPs) and typical (TAPs) antipsychotics, as well as two main side effects - weight gain and treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) during the treatment in patients with EO-SSD. METHODS: This was a systematic chart review of all patients receiving routine clinical care in our department, with selected AAPs (risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine and clozapine) and TAPs (haloperidol, perphenazine and sulpiride), for schizophrenic psychoses, between 1997 and 2007. During this period, our review identified 173 patients (85 males, 88 females; mean age 15.8±1.6 years); their treatment included 297 treatment trials. Data on premorbid adjustment, prodromal symptoms and psychopathology at admission, as well as comorbidity were evaluated based on the patients' medical records. The time to first improvement could be estimated in 258 treatment trials; of these, 195 (76%) comprised AAPs and 63 (24%) TAPs. The time to first improvement was assessed in agreement with the methodology established for retrospective studies as the number of treatment days prior to the first record of improvement...
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Risk of malnutrition for people with schizophrenia
GIERTLOVÁ, Petra
Schizophrenia is a servus mental illness. The majority of people suffering from this illness require lifelong treatment. The prevalence of risk factors such as development of cardiovascular dinase, diabetes, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity is higher with regard to the patiens with schizophrenia. A large number of these people have bad rating habits, lack of physical aktivity and nicotine dependence. The use of antipsychotik mediactions also contributes to increased storage of fat and overweight.This Bachelor Thesis consists of teoretici and practical part. The theoretical part, based on the professional literature, describes malnutrition, schizophrenia and its different types, treatment and risks associated with this illness. The practical part focuses on research the main objektive of wich is to find out the incidence of malnutrition among patiens with schizophrenia, the influence of antipsychotik medication and surfy whether the nursing staff at the Nursing home with special care in Libníč is sufficiently informed. The survey is accomplished by means of the qualitative method using non-standardized interview. Research file consists of data submitted by four general nurses from the aforementioned Nursing home. The analysis of health documentation reveals that the majority of schizophrenic patiens suffer from other illness, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The results of this surfy prove that nursing staff are sufficiently informed and aware of possible risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular dinase with regard to the schizophrenic patiens due to incorrect rating nabits or antipsychotik medication. The interview with the nurses implicates that malnutrition is considered as undernourishment. Accordingly, they identify nutrition care with the work of nutrition therapist and his care of patient nutrition. The nurses are aware of nutrition support. However, they have low level of knowledge regarding the products of modular dietetics.The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that schizophrenic patiens are in Langer of higher mortality and morbidity rate, not only as a results of thein illness, but also due to the antipsychotik medication treatment and inappropriate life style. This is the mason why the nutrition care should not be marginalized, nor neglected during the treatment of mental illnesses.
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Social, ethical and psychological aspects of working with people with schizophrenia
ŽIŽKOVÁ, Petra
The work deals with a mental illness called schizophrenia. The thesis consists of two parts, the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part has five chapters, it has focused mainly on the interconnectedness of social work, psychiatry, psychology and ethics. First, it describes schizophrenia in general - how begins the illness, it signs and symptoms, diagnosis, course and prognosis and treatment options. I am focusing on the psychiatric aspects of schizophrenia, the social aspect of the disease and the ethics codes of various disciplines. The practical part is research, which is based on the interpretation of the results of a quantitative research. I opted a questionnaire as a research technice. The aim of this questionnaire is to find out which general knowledges has the adult population about schizophrenia and which views of schizophrenia are prevailing.
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