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Nutritional biology of synanthropic mites (Acari: Acaridida)
Erban, Tomáš ; Smrž, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Grubhoffer, Libor (referee) ; Šustr, Vladimír (referee)
Ph.D. THESIS TITLE Nutritional Biology of Synanthropic Mites (Acari: Acaridida) ABSTRACT Several attempts to describe the nutritional biology of acaridid mites were undertaken, however full understanding of these processes remains incomplete. The objective of this Ph.D. thesis was to expand our knowledge concerning digestive physiology of stored product and house dust mites and to apply this knowledge to their nutritional biology. The research approach adopted in this Ph.D. thesis includes in vitro characterization of enzymatic activity in whole mite extracts (WME) and spent growth medium extracts (SGME), evaluation of the enzyme activities with respect to the gut physiological pH, enzyme inhibition experiments, in vivo localization of enzyme activities in the mite gut, determination of effects of nutrient or antifeedant additives in experimental diets on mite population growth and determination of the feeding preferences of synanthropic mites as assessed by in vitro and in vivo analyses. The gut contents of twelve species of synanthropic acaridid mites were determined to be within a pH range of 4 to 7 and showed a pH gradient from the anterior to the posterior midgut. The pH in digestive tract of synanthropic acaridid mites corresponds to the activity of proteases, α-glucosidases, α-amylases and...
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Proteomic analysis of lysozyme and lysozyme-like proteins of synanthropic mites
Chum, Tomáš ; Erban, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mikeš, Libor (referee)
This diploma thesis was focused on the study of lysozyme and lysozyme-like proteins, either of similar function (antibacterial) or molecular weight (14 - 17 kDa), of synanthropic acaroid mites. In general, animals utilize lysozymes for defensive (antimicrobial) or digestive purposes but also as a digestive enzyme. Some chitinases or other enzymes that act similarly to lysozyme can be utilized for similar purposes. Chitinases belong to house dust mite allergens. One of major mite are historically named lysozyme-like proteins which name relates to their size similar to lysozyme. Bacteriolytic activity has also 14.5 kDa (UniprotKB Q8MWR6) protein. The species selected for the study were domestic mites Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus and Lepidoglyphus destructor. Presence of lysozyme was detected by direct detection with polyclonal antibody using immunohistochemistry and dot blots. Immunohistochemistry proved presence of lysozyme epitopes in the feces of D. farinae, D pteronyssinus a L. destructor. Dot blot analysis demonstrated the presence of imunoreactivity of antibody in spent growth medium extracts (SGME) of all three species. This implies that lysozyme is synthesized in the midgut. The presence of lysozyme and lysozyme-like proteins was proved using 2D electrophoresis and MALDI TOF/TOF...
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Dietary and other allergies in animals
Kubíčková, Jana ; Kodeš, Alois (advisor) ; Hučko, Boris (referee)
Allergies are currently problems not only people, alsomostly animals.This bachelor thesis is mainly focusing on a few selected allergies and their symptoms, which are occuring in animals. Firstly, the basic concepts of alergology isdescribed along with anature and emergence of allergies. An allergy can beunderstoodas an immune response of the organism to antigens, which come from an external environment. They couldoriginate from inhalation, contact, insect or drug allergens. There are four known types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Secondly, the thesis focuses on the explanation of allergiesdiagnoses, which arecarried out differently according to the type of presumed allergy. Most frequently used are dermaltests followed by dietonesconsisting of nourishment that is without componentsthat might potentially cause food allergies. Clinical signs and symptoms help us to reveal the type of allergy we are dealing with and what is its exact form. Some of those symptoms might be gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory difficulties or skin manifestations of allergies. Further, there will be stated examples of allergies that give difficulties to animals as well as their treatment options. The primary treatment is the removal of the identified allergen from the environment in which the animal lives.
If the allergen can not be removed from everyday life, a specific allergen therapy might be the a solution.The method is based on the gradual administration of increasing doses of the antigen into the organism. This ensures a sufficient cumulative dose of allergen inthe body, which causes the alleviation of clinical symptoms, or even the complete disappearance of difficulties in the exposure to the allergen.
This desensibilization also referred to as hyposensibilization currently seems to be the best method of treatment, especially for the hypersensitivity reactions.Method of specific allergen therapy shows great results and in the future will certainly be very used. Veterinary doctors and different companies,
however, are working on new research related to treatmentof allergies and so it is very likely that not only the method of allergen therapy, but other methods of suppression of symptoms will be in the future replaced by other, better methods of treatment.
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Allergen-specific immunotherapy from the perspective of nurses.
BEJTICOVÁ, Lenka
The subject matter of the bachelor thesis is specific allergen immunotherapy from the perspective of nurses. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The concepts associated with the topic are explained in the theoretical section of the thesis. These concepts are as follows: allergy, allergen, immunity, sensitization, anaphylaxis and specific allergen therapy. Basic allergic diseases, work and role of the nurse are also described in the theoretical part. The practical part of the thesis contains four goals: the first three goals relate to nurses working in allergology ambulances; the fourth goal is focused on the needs of patients undergoing treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy. The first goal was to find out nurses' knowledge related to the specific allergen immunotherapy, second one dealt with the skills of nurses in the administration of specific allergen immunotherapy and the patients education process realised by nurses in allergology ambulances represented the third goal of the thesis. The fourth objective focused on the needs of patients undergoing treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy. To achieve these objectives the qualitative inquiry method of semi-structured interviews and observations were used. The research group consisted of four nurses working in private allergology ambulances in South Bohemia and four patients undergoing treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy. The research showed that nurses working in allergology ambulances have enough knowledge and skills in administration of specific allergen immunotherapy. The primary needs of patients can be determined as the need to be informed and to perceive the positive attitude of nurses and physicians to the patients.
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Allergic diseases in relation to lifestyle risk factors by children in younger school age in the Region of Karlovy Vary
RYBOVÁ, Eliška
As the subject of my Bachelor{\crq}s work I choose "Allergic diseases in relation to risk factors of the life style of children of younger school age in the region Karlovy Vary" because I think that allergies represent a topical problem which due to its nature affects not only children but also our whole society. The aim of the work is to find out how the selected life style factors share in the occurrence of allergies of children of younger school age in the region Karlovy Vary. The work comprises a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part comprises comprehensive theoretical knowledge from the field of allergology that should outline the conditions for the development of allergies, the occurrence of allergies in course of the life, the most common allergic diseases and their subsequent diagnosis and treatment. The practical part is devoted to the realised research which was carried out from November 2009 to January 2010 in regional towns and municipalities of the region Karlovy Vary. The research was performed using the form of the quantitative research, the inquiry method and as the data collection technique was used the anonymous questionnaire. The research file included children of younger school age from 4th and 5l classes of primary schools. As the results of the research show, the children who live in big cities have almost comparable occurrence of allergies as the children from small villages. The results also show that the children who are the most exposed to a smoky environment at home have also the biggest occurrence of allergies in contrast to the children who are not exposed to a tobacco environment at all and for whom predominate an absence of allergies. The investigation into whether the lack of microbes influences the occurrence of children allergies demonstrated in case of using disinfecting agents that shorter periods of their usage have an influence on the occurrence of allergies and to the contrary. The research also shows that elements which share in the character of housing have in case of allergies quite individual displays and therefore can not be denominated as significant factors in general. The results of this research can bring useful information to children allergists as well as wide public when the acquired knowledge can increase the interest in these problems and therefore improve preventive and repressive measures in this field.
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