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Clinically relevant anatomical variations in the hand and forearm
Kunc, Vojtěch ; Kachlík, David (advisor) ; Stingl, Josef (referee) ; Dvořák, Zdeněk (referee)
There is undoubtful importance of the knowledge of anatomical variations during surgical procedures and diagnostic in the upper limb. They can not only confuse surgeon during the surgical approach and lead to iatrogenic damage or be misdiagnosed for pathological conditions, but they might also be used during reconstructive procedures as tendon transfers, nerve grafts or free flaps. It is even hypothesized that superficial anatomical variations might be used to predict the variable course of deeper structure. Many of those hypotheses still need experimental verification as they are often used in clinical practice without proper evidence. Anatomical variability includes all structures such as bones, ligaments, muscles, nerves, vessels as well as superficial palmar creases. Each of these structures might be divided, multiplied or absent; they can differ in their origin, insertion, course, or branching. In some cases even completely accessory bony or muscular structures might be present. The goal of this dissertation is to provide review of the anatomical variability of the hand and forearm with particular interest given to accessory bones around the elbow joint. We proposed their radiological definition, proposed a new classification, and stated their overall prevalence, which is 0.77 % with the most...
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