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Role of glial cells in pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases of the nervous system
Holásek, Michal ; Kriška, Ján (advisor) ; Pivoňková, Helena (referee)
Glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, NG2 glia, astrocytes, and microglia, play a major role in the homeostasis of the nervous system, including the myelin sheath maintenance. Enveloping myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, provide a mechanical, isolating, and trophic support to the axons. Importantly, a disruption of a certain component or a dysregulation of a specific process may lead to the collapse and the loss of the myelin sheath, known as demyelination. Axonal demyelination is a pathological condition characteristic of different neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Charcot-Marie- Toth disease, or Lyme neuroborreliosis. Since, demyelinating diseases are still more prevalent in the population, a suitable and effective treatment is crucial for the patients. However, treatment is not available, which results from an insufficient understanding of pathological mechanisms, low permeability through the blood-brain barrier, and a limited regenerative capacity of the nervous system. Therefore, further research in the field of demyelinating diseases is necessary. Key words: oligodendrocyte precursor cell, oligodendrocyte, Schwann cell, myelination, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis,...
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Rehabilitation issues for patient with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Tyburcová, Marie ; Zumrová, Alena (advisor) ; Málková, Michaela (referee)
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a serious neurological disease with a variable progression, which can have permanent consequences for the patient, despite medical advances. An irreplaceable element of complex treatment is rehabilitation which has in recent years become a sophisticated preventative therapeutic method, mainly based on the study of plasticity and of the possibilities of brain regeneration. This work presents a comprehensive theoretical overview of our current knowledge of a relatively rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as current options and procedures for affecting the course of the disease and its consequences through physiotherapy. It was written based on the collection of theoretical data, questioning and observation of the physiotherapy of a patient with ADEM, who was hospitalised for five months in various wards of 2nd Faculty of Medicine in Prague. Physiotherapeutic procedures are divided and applied in both the theoretical and practical parts of the work according to the phase model. Theoretical knowledge, drawn from published case studies, as well as the course of the observed patient's disease and his following convalescence clearly illustrate that provided the timely commencement of intensive treatment and the continuation...
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Physiotherapy for patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
JINDROVÁ, Kateřina
ADEM is the inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system which affects mainly white matter cerebrospinal. This bachelor thesis deal with problems of the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and appropriate approaches of the physiotherapy approaches. For the purpose of this diagnosis is to give a comprehensive view about the disease. Question of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is nowadays increasingly topical because the incidence of this disease increases every year not only in the world, but also in the Czech Republic. The issue of children is described in detail and subsequently divided. The main stated aim of my thesis is to explore the issue of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, physiotherapy and process approaches at selected patients with this diagnosis realize defined physiotherapy processes. The theoretical part focuses on the incidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in the Czech Republic and in the world, disease characteristics, causes of its formation, progression, diagnosis and prognosis, and not least the many options in the treatment of diseases such as neurorehabilitation, pharmacological, spa treatment etc. Methodological part is processed using qualitative research. Data collection is carried out observation, interview, analysis of medical records, kinesiology and as neurological examinations is used video and photographic documentation of individual respondents. The research sample includes 2 respondents from Arpida Centers in Ceske Budejovice. Examination and treatment was carried out for 5 months in Arpida areas. To evaluate changes in the patient after treatment is performed input and output kinesiology and neurological examination. One kinesiology examination is completed by testing for posturograf from Copany Neurocom that the patient has received at the beginning of therapy and after its completion. The main research question was determinated in accordance with the objective and qualitative research. The research question was: What are the changes in kinesiological examination occurs after physical therapy in patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis? Physiotherapy primarily affected the stereotype of breathing, better stability of scapulas, improved walking stereotypes and generally improved postural stability in stance. Physiotherapy as itself may well affect some degrees of clinical symptoms of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. It helps improve the quality of life, physical or mental state of a person, helping to improve self-care and improve its team-integration.
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