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Presence of heavy metals in vicinity of the roads in Brno
Brzobohatý, Jan ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with the risk assessment of metals in soils near roads in the city of Brno. For samples collection has been chosen twenty-five localities which were divided into five groups depending on the traffic load, in order to compare the impact of transport on the risk of soil contamination with metals. In the soil samples were determined levels of six hazardous metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu). Lead, zinc, nickel and copper were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), cadmium by the electrotermic atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) and mercury by the advanced mercury analyzer AMA 254.
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The issue of alkylderivatives of mercury in biotic matrices
Zajícová, Markéta ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Alkyl derivatives of mercury, especially methylmercury, bring a significant risk to the environment and the human population. Methylmercury is highly toxic compound, which have the potential to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in tissues of aquatic organisms. This diploma thesis deals with issues of alkyl derivatives of mercury in biotic matrices. The goal of this thesis was to analyze fish tissues. Fish were caught from the river Svratka at the inflow and at the outflow of wastewater treatment plant. Methylmercury was determined in fish muscles and skin. Total mercury was determined in fish muscles. The extraction based on acidic digestion in hydrochloric acid and subsequent extraction with toluene was used for isolation of methylmercury from fish tissues. There was used gas chromatography with electron capture microdetector for determination of methylmercury. Total mercury was determined by special analyzer AMA 254.
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The study of contamination of forested areas of the Czech Republic by mercury
Trávníčková, Gabriela ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of mercury in the environment. It focuses on determining the concentration of total mercury in edible mushrooms and in the soil in 12 localities in the Jeseníky Mountains. A single-purpose absorption spectrometer AMA 254 was used to determine the mercury content. The sites where sampling took place were divided into 6 sites with spruce stand and 6 sites with beech stand. No relationship was found between the type of stand and the amount of accumulated mercury in the mushrooms. On a representative sample of yellow-boletus mushrooms found in each locality, it was found that the higher the amount of mercury in the mushroom, the lower the amount of mercury in the soil. The fungi are therefore able to accumulate mercury from the environment. Thus, they can become a potential source of intoxication when ingested. The mobility of heavy metals in the soils depends on many soil properties (pH, carbon and sulfur content). Metals form more soluble compounds in lower pH environments. The soil pH was very low and the lower the soil pH, the higher mercury concentration in the soil. This fact could be supported by acid fallout. The relationship between the mercury content and the carbon content of the soil confirmed that carbon has the ability to bind mercury. The higher the amount of carbon in the soil, the higher the amount of mercury.
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Determination of heavy metals in waste energetic materials with using sequential extraction
Kořínková, Alena ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce pojednává o stanovení vybraných kovů v energetických odpadech, jako je úletový popílek, škvára, struska, ložový popel, produkt odsíření apod., které pocházejí ze čtyř moravských tepláren. Extrakce kovů z energetických materiálů byla provedena Tessierovou extrakcí. Za tímto účelem byla použita extrakční činidla chlorid hořečnatý (MgCl2), octan sodný (CH3COONa), hydroxylamin hydrochlorid v kyselině octové (NH2OH.HCl v CH3COOH), peroxid vodíku v kyselině dusičné (H2O2 v HNO3) a kyselina fluorovodíková (HF). Extrakce probíhala při teplotách 25°C a 40°C. Ve všech frakcích byly stanoveny olovo, měď a kadmium s využitím atomové absorpční spektrometrie (F AAS, ET AAS) a rtuť metodou AMA 254.
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Assessment of soils using pollution indices
Satola, Ondřej ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Subject of this diploma thesis is analysis of selected heavy metals in soils which are exposed to long-time cause of contaminants from metallurgical industry in localities Třinec and Ostrava. For assessment of the contamination, indexes for evaluation of soils were chosen. Those indexes are focusing mainly on rate of enrichment of the soils by selected heavy metals and resulting ecological and possibly health risk for human organism. Within every location, 26 samples were extracted, while every sample extract location, were selected to map the level of pollution around metallurgical plants in the most complex way. The analysis of the samples was done by techniques F-AAS and AMA 254 and established metals were mercury, lead, copper, chrome, nickel, manganese and zinc.
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The heavy metal contamination of selected sites in Ostrava
Mihočová, Silvie ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the assessment of contamination of non-agricultural soils of selected locations in Ostrava of hazardous metals. Selection of locations was based on the stationary pollution source REZZO1. Total 36 collected samples from 12 locations in three times periods between July 2010 and March 2011 that each collection represented a different time period for characteristic emissions conditions. The risk of metals mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and chromium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, ET AAS, AMA 254).The influence of the distance of locations from stationary sources of REZZO1 on the extent of soil contamination by selected metals was confirmed.
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Determination of heavy metals in soils and sediments in the region Revúce
Kováč, Lukáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis aims to assess the extent of contamination of soil and sediment with risk metals in Jelšava. The main polluter of the environment in this area is the magnetize factory. Sampling of soils and sediments were made in three seasons. Sampling times were staggered to represent different seasons and to take into account the impact of the seasons on the obtained values of the concentrations in soil and sediment. Sampling sites were selected according according to the different distances from the factory and according to the different loading of roads. In each of the collected samples were determined concentrations of the elements copper, lead, zinc, nickel, manganese, mercury, cadmium and vanadium. Copper, lead, zinc, nickel and manganese were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry with atomization in a flame (F AAS), cadmium and vanadium were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET AAS). For the determination of mercury was used mercury analyzer (AMA).
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The study of contamination of forested areas of the Czech Republic by mercury
Trávníčková, Gabriela ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of mercury in the environment. It focuses on determining the concentration of total mercury in edible mushrooms and in the soil in 12 localities in the Jeseníky Mountains. A single-purpose absorption spectrometer AMA 254 was used to determine the mercury content. The sites where sampling took place were divided into 6 sites with spruce stand and 6 sites with beech stand. No relationship was found between the type of stand and the amount of accumulated mercury in the mushrooms. On a representative sample of yellow-boletus mushrooms found in each locality, it was found that the higher the amount of mercury in the mushroom, the lower the amount of mercury in the soil. The fungi are therefore able to accumulate mercury from the environment. Thus, they can become a potential source of intoxication when ingested. The mobility of heavy metals in the soils depends on many soil properties (pH, carbon and sulfur content). Metals form more soluble compounds in lower pH environments. The soil pH was very low and the lower the soil pH, the higher mercury concentration in the soil. This fact could be supported by acid fallout. The relationship between the mercury content and the carbon content of the soil confirmed that carbon has the ability to bind mercury. The higher the amount of carbon in the soil, the higher the amount of mercury.
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Přestup rtuti z kontaminovaných lesních půd do mycelia hub
Hrachovinová, Jana
Bachelor thesis deals with the transfer of mercury from contaminated forest soils to mycelium mushroom. The theoretical part is devoted to the brief characteristics of mercury, as well as basic information about the history of mercury, the forms of mercury and, above all, its toxicity. The theoretical part also describes the two species of fungi of which mycelium has been used for monitoring mercury accumulation, namely Armillaria cepistipes and Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition to this basic information, brief information on the Poison mountain is mentioned in the work, from where all mercury contaminated soil samples were taken. Practical part of the thesis is split into part dealing with cultivation of mycelium of mushrooms and their collection, retention and analysis of mercury in samples, which was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry on the unit AMA 254. Control forest soil contained 0.122 ± 0.011 mg/kg Hg, contaminated forest soil of 1S contained 22.428 ± 2.297 mg/kg Hg, the soil 2S contained 105.893 ± 4.577 mg/kg Hg and the soil 5S contained 12.954 ± 0.912 mg/kg Hg. The mercury content of contaminated forest soils was statistically significantly higher compared to the controls. Higher mercury content of statistical significance was found in the mycelia Pleurotus ostreatus only in case the cultivation of highly contaminated soils (soil 1S and 2S). In case of mycelium cultivation in less contaminated soils (soil 5S and control soil), there was a statistically significant difference in the content of mercury in accumulated mycelia Pleurotus ostreatus and Armillaria cepistipes. The concentration of mercury in both mycelia tested grew linearly with a growing concentration of mercury in contaminated forest soils throughout the period of reference. According to the identified bioconcentration factors, which ranged from 0.13 – 0.41 for mycelium Armillaria cepistipes and for mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus in the range of 0.16 – 0.56, mycelium Armillaria cepistipes and Pleurotus ostreatus rank to the category of medium mercury accumulators.
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Assessment of soils using pollution indices
Satola, Ondřej ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Subject of this diploma thesis is analysis of selected heavy metals in soils which are exposed to long-time cause of contaminants from metallurgical industry in localities Třinec and Ostrava. For assessment of the contamination, indexes for evaluation of soils were chosen. Those indexes are focusing mainly on rate of enrichment of the soils by selected heavy metals and resulting ecological and possibly health risk for human organism. Within every location, 26 samples were extracted, while every sample extract location, were selected to map the level of pollution around metallurgical plants in the most complex way. The analysis of the samples was done by techniques F-AAS and AMA 254 and established metals were mercury, lead, copper, chrome, nickel, manganese and zinc.
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