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Analýza příčin chřadnutí a odumírání bříz ve vybraných parcích hl. m. Prahy
Spěváček, Michal
The study is a comprehensive survey of silver birch trees (Betula pendula) located in four parks in Prague 6. In 2022, a dendrological survey of 112 trees was carried out. Selected manifestations of decline (dieback, sapwood, trunk swellings, trunk base wounds, exit holes, fungal fructification organs) were quantified and examined including laboratory tests. With the exception of Disculina betulina, no harmful non-native organisms were confirmed, but research on bacterioses and phytophthora was not conducted. It was concluded that the health and vitality of birch trees are significantly impaired across the surveyed parks and age classes. The decline of birch trees in Prague is a long-term problem resulting from various causes with drought probably playing a central role. Damage to the root and trunk base is also a crucial factor. The paper provides suggestions for improvement in its conclusion.
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Škůdci krmných substrátů - druhové složení, význam a možnosti likvidace
Hustá, Valérie
This bachelor thesis examines pests of feed stuff. The literary research describes the most important pests, the extent of their influence in agriculture, food industry and methods of pest control with an emphasis on further use of the substrate. This work focuses on non-chemical methods which do not have a negative impact on the safety of feed stuff, food and the environment. The next part describes the effect of low temperatures as physical method of disruption on the life manifestations of insects and mites. To test this, one of the most common pests, Tenebrio molitor, were exposed to different low temperatures (0 °C, 3 °C, and 6 °C) for durations of 5 min, 10 min and 20 min. The feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were measured. The results show decreasing temperature and increasing expose interval increased the feed intake. This experiment indicates that low temperature do not eliminate pests or mitigate damages but can stimulate pests to take more feed stuff resulting in more damage and losses.
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Výskyt škodlivých činitelů na hlízách lilku bramboru
Toma, Milan
This thesis aims to evaluate the health status of potato tubers of the Camelia variety. The practical part was carried out in the year 2022 at two different locations in the western region of Slovakia. One of the goals was to mathematically calculate the predicted, total and net yield per hectare. The yield per hectare in the main market category was also calculated in category 40–60 mm. In terms of health, the wireworm caused the greatest damage at both locations. Damage from heat stress, which resulted in premature germination, second growth, and greening of the tubers, was also a frequent kind of damage. In none of the locations was the Camelia variety attacked or damaged by a disease to which, according to the materials, it has an increased or complete resistance. The total yield was 67,5 t/ha at location No. 1 and 40,7 t/ha at location No. 2. The net yield at site No. 1 reached 60,4 t/ha, and at site No. 2, it was 33,7 t/ha. The yield in the market category reached 21,3 t/ha at location No. 1 and 22,7 t/ha at location No. 2. Location No. 1 achieved a higher yield in most categories, mainly due to the higher amount of applied nitrogen fertilizers.
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Výskyt škodlivých činitelů v porostu kukuřice
Janíková, Michaela
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the occurrence of key pests and diseases in breeding stands of maize in the Veselí nad Moravou locality in the Hodonín district. Observations were made possible on the lands of the VESELAN Agricultural Cooperative from the harvest of the previous crop to the harvest of the corn. Three plots were selected, a different variety was sown on each of the plots, they were the Pyroxenia, Centa and Cegrand varieties. Diseases and pests were found in the stands. Among the diseases, common smut of corn and maize leaf blight appeared on the plots, from pests european corn-borer, western corn rootworm, wireworms and to a small extent aphids. The harmfulness of pathogens was more severe than the harmfulness of pests.
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Vliv stupně množení sadby na zdravotní stav a výnos brambor(Solanum tuberosum Wild.)
KÁRNÍKOVÁ, Martina
The Master's thesis is focused on the seed potato health and yields of particular varieties. The aim of the thesis was to determine seed potato health before planting, before harvest, after harvest and to evaluate achieved yields of particular potato varieties. The experiment started in 2019, in the field of a private farmer Mr. Petr Pošusta. 6 varieties were planted (3 consumer varieties and 3 industrial varieties). The varieties were grown on this farm as early as 2018 as certified propagation material of grade A. In 2019, as it was found, they complied with parameters for certified material of grade B. The crop health (diseases and pests) was being evaluated during the growing process. After the desiccation of the potato crop, samples were taken to determine the number, size and weight of tubers below the cluster and for health tests ELISA. The yields of particular varieties were determined from the farm weight books and compared with achieved values. The results show that seed potato health and yields are influenced by the weather, occurrence of vectors, degree of propagation, agricultural engineering and last but not least the resistance of the variety to viral diseases.
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Pests and diseases of hop - factual information database and e-learning system
KOVAŘÍK, Michal
This work deals with making factual database for crop Humulus lupulus L. The information, contained in the database falls within the protection of plants and more specifically to the field phytopatological, entomological and phytosanitary. Literature research provides an overview of the issue and information technology. The database has been compiled in the years 2007 - 2009 and the idea is to create a system for diagnosis and effective source of information for plant protection. For the creation of databases and educational system have been used languages PHP, HTML and cascading style sheets to format the graphic. For the purposes of the database was used by the SQL language and relational version of MySQL. The system is a detailed description, bionomics and protection. The system also contains a considerable number of pictures. The results are presented as a guide for working with the system.
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Cereal pests and their natural enemies
Honěk, Alois ; Martinková, Zdena ; Platková, Hana ; Saska, Pavel ; Skuhrovec, Jiří
The methodology mainly summarizes the new results and experiences of the author's team, which has been studying the biology of some cereal pests and their natural enemies for a long time. The aim is to draw attention to selected species of pests, to provide instructions on how to recognize them, in some cases to find out their current numbers in cereal stands and within the possibilities of current knowledge to predict further development of their abundance in a given stand and estimate yield reduction. Another goal is to recapitulate protection options with an emphasis on the use of natural enemies. The third goal is enlightenment. The methodology provides an accessible way to understand the biology and population development processes of cereal pests (especially aphids) so that the reader does not remain a blind user of unwarranted practical instructions, but can decide for himself according to the immediate situation.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Invasive pest species in fruit crops in the Czech Republic
Holý, Kamil ; Stará, Jitka ; Kocourek, František ; Ouředníčková, Jana ; Skalský, Michal ; Pultar, Oldřich
The publication summarizes the basic information about invasive pest species in fruit orchards, spreading to our country since 2000. Information about morphology, similar species, area of origin, distribution in Europe and Czechia, risk of introduction, life cycle, host plants, methods of monitoring and control, are provided for each pest species.
Fulltext: PDF
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Mice and Rats: Space, Smell and Methods of Detection
Kaftanová, Barbora ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
The coexistence of humans and rodents lasts from the beginnings of the history of agriculture. Many rodent populations accepted to synanthropic way of life and as commensals accompany human societies until today. In the first study we wanted to find out, how the evolution of non-commensal rodent species, a Cypriot mouse (Mus cypriacus), was influenced by people. This endemic island species evolved on the Cyprus Island without presence of any mammalian competitors or predators. In last 10.000 years humans arrived on the island, bringing several mammalian species, which affected the environment markedly. A black rat (Rattus rattus) is now dominant species there and presumably it is an important competitor for the Cypriot mouse. We supposed that the mice should avoid its odour. Nevertheless the rats odour was preferred by the mouse, probably as an odour of phylogenetically related species. On the contraty, the odour of domestic cat (species, which is also widespread on the island), was avoided. In conclusion, the long-term isolation from mammalian predators did not affect the antipredatory reactions of the Cypriot mouse. Our next study was focuse on changes in behavioural strategies of different populations of mice: the main question was how the commensal way of life affects their exploratory...
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