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British Logic in the 19th Century
Joachim, Jiří ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šebela, Karel (referee)
According to American philosopher W. W. Bartley, the transition from tradi- tional Aristotelian to Boolean logic is a revolutionary milestone in the history of logic. The work of George Boole which was followed by a developement of a mathematicaly oriented logic brings a shift of paradigm. In my thesis I follow the period in which the shift is said to have happened. I explicate the elements of syllogistic and its main conceptions as expounded in a textbook The Rudiments of Logic written by Henry Aldrich. Furthermore I demon- strate logical systems of three authors: Archbishop Richard Whately, George Boole and Lewis Carroll. I accent the connection of those systems and the practical aspect of logic. With this in mind I consider Bartley's statement and estimate the role of the rules in the systems and its possible use in three domains circumscribed in Aldriches book: simple apprehension, judgement and discourse. 1
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Emotions and utility maximization
Abraham, Diya Elizabeth
The goal of this thesis is to examine the role of emotion as it pertains to the utility maximization problem and make an argument for incorporating emotion into economic models of decision-making. It further aims to demonstrate by means of a social experiment how specific emotions influence intertemporal judgment. The results from the experiment reveal that in line with previously documented findings, incidental sadness increases the level of economic impatience. However contrary to theoretical predictions, the prosocial emotion of compassion cannot be used as a tool to reduce economic impatience. In fact there is evidence to indicate that compassion, in some situations, is not reliably different from sadness in terms of its influence on economic impatience and can therefore be detrimental to economic wellbeing.
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Equations at high schools
JANŮ, Denisa
The Bachelor's thesis is focused on the issues of equations, taught on elementary and high schools. Students make numerous errors when solving them, which stem from the wrong ways of solving these equations, but more importantly from assembling them. The first part of the thesis is focused on the types of equations (linear, quadratic, ...) and the ways of solving them. In the second part is the usage of equations when solving given problems. These word problems are solved through the usage of equations and the through the student's judgement, that most schools don't develop. There are exercises at the end of the thesis.
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British Logic in the 19th Century
Joachim, Jiří ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šebela, Karel (referee)
According to American philosopher W. W. Bartley, the transition from tradi- tional Aristotelian to Boolean logic is a revolutionary milestone in the history of logic. The work of George Boole which was followed by a developement of a mathematicaly oriented logic brings a shift of paradigm. In my thesis I follow the period in which the shift is said to have happened. I explicate the elements of syllogistic and its main conceptions as expounded in a textbook The Rudiments of Logic written by Henry Aldrich. Furthermore I demon- strate logical systems of three authors: Archbishop Richard Whately, George Boole and Lewis Carroll. I accent the connection of those systems and the practical aspect of logic. With this in mind I consider Bartley's statement and estimate the role of the rules in the systems and its possible use in three domains circumscribed in Aldriches book: simple apprehension, judgement and discourse. 1
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Perceptual evaluation of rhythmic features in Czech English
Hanzlíková, Dagmar ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of changes in speech rhythm on the perception of personality traits which are detectable in speech. The theoretical part is concerned with the description of some important theories in the field of psychology of personality, then with summarizing research done in the effects of foreign-accented speech on perception, and finally with presenting the issue of speech rhythm with a focus on representative studies of speech rhythm and its effect on speech perception. In an independently designed experiment, the changes in speech rhythm were created by manipulating the durational patterns and pitch contours. Subsequently a perceptual test was prepared. Twenty subjects were asked to evaluate individual speech samples and rate to what extent they would characterize the speaker by the given personality trait. The results from the perceptual tests were analyzed from multiple points of view: the effects of the manipulations on the perception in general, and then in relation to the nationality of the speaker (native vs. non-native speaker), to the personality trait in question, and in relation to the individual speakers and items. The results showed some tendencies for example in perception of honesty in relation to durational patterns, or in perception of...
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