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Effect of elevated levels of corticoid hormones on child growth and bone tissue
Brusová, Adéla ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis deals with the elevated level of glucocorticoid hormones and their effect on bone tissue. In particular, reasons which cause hypercorticoisms in human body genetic diseases, tumors, autoimmune diseases, and so forth, are described in detail. Asthma and other diseases are treated by glucorticoid and increase hypercorticoism. This autoimmune disease are treated by glucocorticoid and increase the hypercorticoism. Therefore, this thesis focuses on research process consists of multiple scientific studies including the impact of glucocorticoid hormones on bone tissue, endocrine system hypothalamus-hypophyse-IGF-I and influence of endocrine system on child's growth. The main benefit of the Bachelor's thesis is the description of the outcome of inhalation glucocorticoid hormones on body height in childhood.
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Effect of elevated levels of corticoid hormones on child growth and bone tissue
Brusová, Adéla ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis examines the effect of elevated level of corticoid hormons on growing organism. The negative effect of glucocorticoid hormones and their derivates is evidenced especially on child growth and growth of bone density. Primary source of the elevated level of corticoids in organism are medicaments. The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of the glucocorticoids are used in medical treatment of various diseases (infections, chronical diseases - especially GIT, autoimmune diseases etc.). The rare source of the hypercorticoidism in childhood are hormonally active tumors (the tumor of the adrenal cortex). The main part of the Bachelor's thesis deals with impact of long-term inhalation of glucocorticoid hormones on body height and quality of bone tissue of the patients with astma bronchiale.
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Idiopathic short stature. Is it a disease?
Šneberková, Klára ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on idiopatic short stature. Idiopatic short stature can be found at up to 80% of children, who suffer from grown diseases. It is a short stature without definite reasons. ISS is a very heterogenous group, which can be also described as children "short, but healthy". These children do have usual stature upon birth, no apparent chronic diseases, standard food intake, and they have no discoverable endocrinal disorders. Most of these children cna be divided into two groups. The first group consists of children with familiar short stature, the second group consists of children with constitutional delay of grown and adolescence. The combination of these two groups is the usual cause, why the parents of short children search a medical expert. This thesis is focused on the ISS as itself, on its subgroups, its treatment methods, especially on using growth hormones on the ISS and on ethical questions associated with this treatment. Another chapter is focused on genes associated with short stature - genes SHOX, ROR2 and NPR-B (or NPR2). The final chapter has also a few case reports. Key words: growth failure, growth hormone, idiopathic short stature, treatment, familial short stature, constitutional delay in growth and puberty.
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The growth of the spine in childhood and adolescence considering patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Tichá, Natálie ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Mařík, Ivo (referee)
The knowledge of normal growth parameters, mainly including total body growth, spinal growth and pubertal growth spurt, is essential in treatment of all patients with spinal deformities and it allows a better understanding of both normal and abnormal spine growth and of the pathologic changes caused by onset spinal deformity in a growing spine. Childhood includes changes both in body proportions and also changes in sexual development. Sexual maturation has very tight correlation to skeletal development. Bone age is an important parameter used in consideration of development and growth of the child, it relates to maximal growth rate in time of pubertal spurt. This thesis is focused on summary of findings of spinal growth in childhood and adolescence in order to predict spine growth in clinical practice. The thesis considers patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which is the most common spinal deformity that affects children and adolescents.
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Idiopathic short stature. Is it a disease?
Šneberková, Klára ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on idiopathic short stature. Idiopathic short stature can be found a tup to 80% of children, who suffer from growth disorders. I tis a short stature without definite reasons. ISS is a very heterogenous group which can be also described as children "short, but healthy". These children have normal length for gestational age at birth, normal body proportions. They have no sings of chronic disease, food intake andnutritional status are normal. There is no evidence of endocrine disorders. Most of these children can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of children with familial short stature, the second group consists of children with constitutional delay of growth and puberty. The combination of these two groups is the usual cause, why the parents of short children search a medical expert. This thesis is focused on the ISS as itself, on its subgroups, its treatment methods, especially on using growth hormones on the ISS and on ethical questions associated with this treatment. Another chapter is focused on genes associated with short stature - genes SHOX, ROR2, NPR-B (or NPR2) and ACAN. In the final part a few case reports will be mentioned. Key words: growth failure, growth hormone, idiopathic short stature, treatment, familial short stature,...
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Assessment of Muscle Force and Power in Children and Youth using Mechanography
Matysková, Jana ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
Introduction: Bone strength is dependent on stimulation by skeletal muscles. To diagnose reduced bone strength and density in children and adolescents is therefore important not only to assess the physical and geometric parameters of bones using densitometric methods, but also to objectively assess parameters of muscle function. "Jumping mechanography" is one of the new techniques used for assessment of muscle force and power. The aim of the thesis was to create the gender-specific pediatric reference data on the main parameters of mechanography, muscle force (Fmax) and muscle power (Pmax). And to increase our knowledge of mechanography by defining relations between indicators mentioned above and basic anthropometrical parameters. Material and Methods: The study population included 796 healthy individuals (432 girls and 364 boys) aged 6-18 years. All probands were examined by a "single two-legged jump" and they were measured for their height and body mass. "Multiple one-legged hopping" was performed in a subgroup of 376 children. The participants were recruited from five primary schools and three high schools. Motoric tests were performed using a portable force platform ("Leonardo Mechanograph® GRFP", Novotec Medical GmbH, Pforzheim). LMS method was used to generate smooth centile curves for parameters...
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Selected auxological aspects of menarche
Švecová, Martina ; Krásničanová, Hana (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
Thesis aims to analyze some auxological aspects of menarche in a sample of peripubertal school-aged Prague girls. Sample PRAHA 2012 consists of 293 girls from Prague within the age ranging from 11,00 - 14,99 years. Ascertained median age of menarche 12,4 years is significantly lower (p = 0,0004) than median of Prague population - 13,04 years, respectively lower than median age of menarche of Czech population - 13,00 years according to data from the last national anthropological survey (CAV 2001). Our investigation suggests a "break off" in long-term stagnation age of menarche (minus 0,6 year) at least in a urban population in Czech Republic. According to our findings deceleration age of menarche wasn't accompanied by increase of average body height or other nutritional characteristics (body weight, BMI, arm circumference, thickness of skinfolds) in comparison with actual pediatrics standards. Though, there is a clearly evidence that participant's body composition affected age of menarche. A comparison of premenarcheal (n = 139) and postmenarcheal (n = 154) girls of the same age showed statistically significant elevated values in body weight (42,5 kg, 47,6 kg vs 56,3 kg, 54,1 kg), BMI (17,6 kg/mš, 18,3kg/mš vs 21,3 kg/mš, 20,7 kg/mš) and percentage of body fat (19,4%, 19,7% vs 24,5% a 23,1%) at...
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Anthropological profile of children with diagnosis ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
Uhlířová, Jaromíra ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
This final thesis deals with the anthropological profile of children with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), which is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses in childhood. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship of ADHD to differences in physical growth, mostly in terms of growth retardation and lower weight parameters. However, these differences are often associated with the use of pharmacological treatment. Some authors point to the possibility of the influence of ADHD itself. In this paper we compare the anthropometric parameters of the 40 boys with ADHD from 6.00 to 10.99 years of age who are treated with medication (methylphenidate) and 172 boys of control group. The compilation of control group for use in clinical research of ADHD was one of the objectives of the thesis. We also compared anamnestic data obtained using questionnaires. It provided information such as birth parameters, duration of breastfeeding, eating habits, amount of time spent in physical activity, or time spent watching television. The control group of healthy individuals was established to better reflect the somatic profile of recent child population and also provided the anamnestic data. Against currently used growth standards control group showed some significant differences, which could be...
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