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Burning pellets from non-wood biomass in boilers II
Linda, Matúš ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Zejda, Vojtěch (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter deals with issue of combustion of agropellets in boilers. This section specifies types of pellets, their production and problems of combustion in boilers associated with formation of emissions. The second chapter specifies valid legislation and emissions limits. The third chapter describes fuel analysis of agropellets samples. This includes an analysis in order to determine the properties and chemical composition of agropellets resulting in determination of gross heat and calorific value. The fourth chapter evaluates agropellets influence on boilers and emissions creation on the basis of data and knowledge. The results are compared with data of other commonly used solid fuel found in literature sources.
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Measurement of selected physical properties of the waste water from biogas plant
Ondruška, Vojtěch ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis is the experimental measurement of physical and chemical properties of the wastewater from biogas plants. Thesis concisely describes wastewater and its origin. The main part is dedicated to the design of experiments and to the detailed description of the measurement of selected properties with the available laboratory methods. Measured data are evaluated and compared to literature. The results of this thesis can be employed to further develop the equipment for thickening wastewater from biogas plants or to other scientific activity in the field of waste management in agriculture.
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Design of Selected Parts of Machinery in WWTP focused on Improving Hydraulic Efficiency
Zejda, Vojtěch ; Reppich, Marcus (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The wastewater treatment process is one of the most important processes which contributes to the protection of the environment. This process can also potentially recover necessary and scarce raw materials, such as phosphorus. Research of the wastewater treatment technology is an increasingly relevant topic and more innovative knowledge should be gradually implemented into existing plants. However, the implementation of such technology involves increased investment and often operating costs. This is, why there is a growing interest in improving the energy intensity and hydraulic efficiency of the installed wastewater plant machinery. The optimization of operating parameters in such machinery can also bring significant savings, which can be potentially re-invested into other technologies. This work deals with the issue of proper evaluation of installed machinery for the selection of operating parameters and assessment of their significance. As the challenge, wastewater treatment technology is very sensitive towards the combination of technological equipment and incorrect operational parameters can lead to erroneous evaluation of the efficiency of individual equipment or inappropriate engineering proposals. To eliminate these risks, an analytical procedure for the selection and evaluation of parameters is proposed in this work. This procedure is demonstrated on six types of equipment. To verify the conclusions of the proposed procedure, a model design of the equipment was performed, in which the influence of individual parameters was concisely assessed. By using the data, the proposed procedure could be validated more specifically. In this work, the necessary data for the design was obtained by experimental research and extensive testing. The results confirm the practical applicability of the proposed procedure.
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Design of Selected Parts of Machinery in WWTP focused on Improving Hydraulic Efficiency
Zejda, Vojtěch ; Reppich, Marcus (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The wastewater treatment process is one of the most important processes which contributes to the protection of the environment. This process can also potentially recover necessary and scarce raw materials, such as phosphorus. Research of the wastewater treatment technology is an increasingly relevant topic and more innovative knowledge should be gradually implemented into existing plants. However, the implementation of such technology involves increased investment and often operating costs. This is, why there is a growing interest in improving the energy intensity and hydraulic efficiency of the installed wastewater plant machinery. The optimization of operating parameters in such machinery can also bring significant savings, which can be potentially re-invested into other technologies. This work deals with the issue of proper evaluation of installed machinery for the selection of operating parameters and assessment of their significance. As the challenge, wastewater treatment technology is very sensitive towards the combination of technological equipment and incorrect operational parameters can lead to erroneous evaluation of the efficiency of individual equipment or inappropriate engineering proposals. To eliminate these risks, an analytical procedure for the selection and evaluation of parameters is proposed in this work. This procedure is demonstrated on six types of equipment. To verify the conclusions of the proposed procedure, a model design of the equipment was performed, in which the influence of individual parameters was concisely assessed. By using the data, the proposed procedure could be validated more specifically. In this work, the necessary data for the design was obtained by experimental research and extensive testing. The results confirm the practical applicability of the proposed procedure.
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The Influence of the fuel used in the burner for heat transfer in process furnaces
Jaworská, Petra ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Skryja, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis is about an influence of technical gases CO2 and N2, that are present in a fuel, over overall combustion process and a flue gas emissions. The first part of this thesis discussed issues like heat transfer, basic process combustion utilities, used technical gases in experimental part and finally description of observed pollutants. Second part of thesis describes the experiments themselves. Experiments were trying to find how selected parameters were influenced by adding 40 mN3/h or 80 mN3/h of inert gases to a flow of natural gas. Observed parameters were namely emission volumes, flame parameters and maximal heat duty. Experiments took place in horizontal water-cooled combustion chamber and were performed on two different types of burners. Evaluation of results confirmed clear connection of inert gases on temperature of flame; the biggest temperature drop was observed while inert gas CO2 was present in fuel. Lowering of temperature spikes also highly influenced presence of NOx in hot flue gas during all performed trials.
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Measurement of selected physical properties of the waste water from biogas plant
Ondruška, Vojtěch ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis is the experimental measurement of physical and chemical properties of the wastewater from biogas plants. Thesis concisely describes wastewater and its origin. The main part is dedicated to the design of experiments and to the detailed description of the measurement of selected properties with the available laboratory methods. Measured data are evaluated and compared to literature. The results of this thesis can be employed to further develop the equipment for thickening wastewater from biogas plants or to other scientific activity in the field of waste management in agriculture.
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Sewage sludge treatment
Adamus, Petr ; Havlásek, Martin (referee) ; Zejda, Vojtěch (advisor)
The first part of bachelor’s thesis deals with waste water treatment up to the phase, when the sewage sludge is created. Then follows the summary of available sludge treatment and disposal methods and their description. Next part is about legislative overview and a summary of the limits imposed on waste water treatment plants. In the last part, the bachelor thesis deals with description of sludge properties and their measurement methods. The practical part contains measurement and calculation of sewage sludge properties, exactly calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue and determination of loss on ignition in sludge.
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Hemp as an alternative fuel
Jaworská, Petra ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Hudák, Igor (advisor)
Bachelor thesis as literary research deals with possibilities of using hemp as an energy crop and its development and sustainability in the future. Production of hemp bio-fuels in Czech Republic is in the beginning but increasing interest in alternative energy sources presumes development in this branch. Producing bio-fuels made of hemp biomass brings many positive benefits in liquid, gas or solid states. Liquid biodiesel made of hemp presents alternative source of energy that can be used in common diesel engines. Hemp hurds briquettes are the most used hemp fuel in our country. Hemp briquettes has perfect properties in comparison to other sources. High heat of combustion, low purchase price and environmental friendliness gives motivation to create new growing branches. Second most common use is biogas fuel. Biogas is produced in usual biofermenter using hemp biomass often with admixture of slurry. Hemp biogas properties are also very satisfactory. In Czech Republic is huge potential in development and production of hemp biogas due to large number of biogas plants. Despite financially demanding processing of the hemp biomass the amount of biomass grow during one year makes this plant one of the most profitable alternative source for production of bio-fuels.
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Waste heat recovery from processes using heat pumps
Marada, Petr ; Zejda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Havlásek, Martin (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe the possibilities of using waste heat from the processes by heat pumps. The first part defines the waste heat and deals with the possibilities and ways of its use. The next section describes the different types of heat pumps, their components and sources from which it is possible to draw the heat. The last part shows the calculation of return on investment to make heat pump for heating office buildings.
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Design of optimal mixing of large-scale digesters
Bradáč, Antonín ; Bělohradský, Petr (referee) ; Zejda, Vojtěch (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is an optimal method of mixing of the digester with consideration to the uniform mixing of the whole volume, ensuring the quality process conditions for the anaerobic fermentation and the maximum yield and quality of the produced biogas. First chapters describe the basic design parameters, general calculations and the principles for design of individual types of mixers, supplemented by practical examples of mixing large capacity tanks. The work introduces the problem of sludge formation at the sewage treatment plant with an emphasis on sludge treatment and the processes which take place inside the fermenter. Various types of design of anaerobic sludge stabilization digester were introduced. Also ways of their operation, which are necessary for the quality of the fermentation, were presented. In the next chapters, various ways of mixing high-capacity digester tanks and experience from the operation of selected treatment plants were described. According to the theoretical research part of this thesis, several types of mixing equipment was designed for the experimental digestion tank built at the Institute of Process Engineering which is used for research work with mixers. Measurement of the selected pneumatic mixing method was performed on the experimental tank and the findings were evaluated.
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