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The change of the rain factor on the net of stations in the Czech Republic during 1961-2010
Střeštík, Jaroslav ; Rožnovský, J. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Zahradníček, P.
Precipitation totals do not express precisely the humidity conditions in the landscape. Therefore the Lang’s rain factor, constructed from monthly and annual average temperatures and precipitation totals on 267 stations in the Czech Republic during 1961-2010, has been used here. Its values are very different at different stations, the lowest they are at South Moravia and Labe lowlands. Its average for the whole territory displays a slow decrease during the 50 years, supplemented by strong fluctuations. The strongest decrease appears in the Northern boundary mountains. The same factor calculated only for summer displays stronger differences between highlands and lowlands, especially in South Moravian ones. Stronger decrease at North Moravia, especially in mountains, and very weak decrease at other parts takes place.
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Increase of annual and seasonal air temperatures in the Czech Republic during 1961-2010
Střeštík, Jaroslav ; Rožnovský, J. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Zahradníček, P.
Using the monthly means of air temperatures at 267 stations in the Czech Republic, the long-term change has been estimated at each station for the last 50 years. Annual mean temperatures for the whole country show a considerable increase, more pronounced than that for global temperature, however, supplemented by strong fluctuations from year to year. Long-term changes in air temperatures at different stations and in different regions vary. Stronger increase in air temperatures can be seen in Bohemia, whereas in Moravia temperature increase is not so significant. This difference is more pronounced in the winter, whereas in the summer, the differences are smaller and perhaps of opposite nature. This means that the continentality of the climate in Moravia increases, while in Bohemia it very slightly decreases. Long-term changes depend only marginally on the absolute values of annual mean temperatures at the respective station. The increase of autumn temperatures is considerably lower than that of other seasons.
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The change of annual and seasonal precipitation totals in the Czech Republic during 1961-2012
Střeštík, Jaroslav ; Rožnovský, J. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Zahradníček, P.
Using the monthly values of precipitation totals at 267 stations in the Czech Republic a longterm change has been estimated at each station for the last 50 years. Annual totals for the whole country display a slight increase, however, supplemented by a much stronger fluctuations from year to year. Long-term changes in annual totals at different stations and in different regions are different. In southern and western Bohemia precipitation totals increased more, in Elbe lowlands and in a large part of the Moravia, rather a small decrease in rainfall has been observed. Long-term changes depend only slightly on the total rainfall at the respective station or in the region. Summer precipitation totals increased more than annual averages, while spring precipitation totals decreased, at other times seasons the change is negligible. At the same time, the annual variation changes slightly: maximum precipitation has shifted from June to July and August.
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Quality control and homogeneity testing of daily time series of eca ECA&D
Zahradníček, Pavel ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Farda, Aleš ; Skalák, Petr
For any meaningful climate analysis, it is necessary for analysed time series to be homogeneous, which means that their variations are caused solely by variations in weather and climate (Conrad and Pollak 1950). Th us, prior to any analysis, the need to homogenize data and check their quality arises. Unfortunately, most of the climatological series that span over decades, to centuries, contain inhomogeneities caused by station relocations, exchange of observers, changes in the vicinity of the stations (e.g. urbanization), changes in instruments, observing practices (e.g. diff erent formulas for calculating daily means, diff erent observation times), etc. In this work we focused on testing the quality and homogeneity of daily data produced by ECA&D. Th is is a free available dataset of daily meteorological elements from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (http://eca.knmi.nl/). Th is database was used to create a regular grid of EOBS points, which are oft en used to validate climate models.
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Past hydrometeorological extremes in south-western Moravia (Czech republic) derived from taxation records
Chromá, Kateřina ; Brázdil, Rudolf ; Valášek, H. ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Dolák, L.
Historical records related to taxation at fi ve landed estates located in the south-western part of Moravia in today’s Czech Republic are employed for the study of hydrological and meteorological extremes during the 1761–1900 period. At that time, the tax system in Moravia allowed farmers to request tax relief if their crops or land were damaged by natural disaster. Th is study disclosed a total of 69 hydrometeorological events resulting in damage in the 1761–1900 period, with the highest concentration of extreme events in 1771–1799 and 1822– 1849 (together 82.6%). Of 113 extremes classifi ed, torrential rains (34.5%) and hailstorms (31.9%) were the most frequent, followed by thunderstorms, fl oods, windstorms and fl ash fl oods. June (30.4%) was the month with the highest occurrence of extreme events and July (31.0%) for classifi able extremes; in both cases their highest frequency occurred in May–August. However, the results obtained are infl uenced by uncertainties related to taxation records, such as temporal and spatial incompleteness or limitation of the vegetation period, as well as by the local occurrence of the phenomena studied, a trend demonstrated by comparison with the results of Dolák et al. (2013). Taxation records constitute a very important source of data for historical climatology and hydrology.
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Comparison of corrected and uncorrected model simulations in the perspective of climate change in the area of the Czech Republic
Štěpánek, Petr ; Farda, Aleš ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Skalák, Petr
In recent years, simulations from various regional climate models became available for the area of the Czech Republic, thanks to several national and international projects (e.g. the EC FP6 projects CECILIA, ENSEMBLES or the national project VaV SP/1a6/108/07). Th e simulations of all the models were performed according to the IPCC A1B emission scenario with various spatial resolutions. Since models suff er from biases, the model outputs were statistically corrected using the quantile approach of M. Déqué. Aft er correction, the RCM outputs were statistically processed and analyzed, especially for air temperature and precipitation, but also for other elements (like relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration). In this study, the diff erences between models outputs, as well as the corrected and uncorrected results, are presented.
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The participants of the disputed and undisputed civil proceedings.
Zahradníček, Pavel ; Hásová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aim to bring one of the most important bodies of the civilian judicial process, its participants. Participants are firstly analyzed in terms of their legal definitions. The second chapter concerns the conditions of participation and what are the consequences of noncompliance. The next chapter briefly describes the procedural rights and obligations of the parties. The fourth chapter is focused on one of the prerequisites for success in the case. The fifth chapter deals with the procedural successorship and in the final chapter is analyzed the situation, when a third party enters into legal proceedings.
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Analysis of Rainfall Intensity in the Area of Brno
Štěpánek, Petr ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Doleželová, M.
The measurements of 18 stations in the area of Brno, in the Czech Republic, were established for the purpose of better management of the city sewerage system. The background for the measurements was to propose optimizations for the sewerage network for occasions of extremely intense precipitation. The automatic precipitation stations (instrument type SR 02) were installed with respect to the prevailing wind direction (inflow), and at least four stations were situated along the main sewerage routes (Prax et al., 2010). These measurements were combined with the measurements of CHMI. Before evaluation of the measurements, quality control was executed on the daily sums and 15-minute precipitations and all suspicious data were compared with radar measurements and erroneous input data were removed. From this quality-controlled data, the maxima of precipitation sums for durations of 5, 10, 15 and 60 minutes were calculated for the given time frames (months, seasons and years) and were spatially analyzed.
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Climate Change in the Area of the Czech Republic according to Various Model Simulations
Štěpánek, Petr ; Skalák, Petr ; Farda, Aleš ; Zahradníček, Pavel
In recent years, simulations from various regional climate models became available for the area of the Czech Republic, thank to several national or international projects (e.g. the EC FP6 projects CECILIA, ENSEMBLES or VaV). The simulations of the all models were performed according to the IPCC A1B emission scenario with various spatial resolutions. Since models suffer from biases, the model outputs were statistically corrected using the quantile approach of M. Déqué. After correction, RCM outputs were statistically processed and analyzed. In this paper, the differences between models outputs, as well as corrected and uncorrected results, are presented.
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Stanovení závislosti jeskynního mikroklimatu na vnějších klimatických podmínkách ve zpřístupněných jeskyních ČR
Český hydrometeorologický ústav, pobočka Brno ; Správa jeskyní České republiky, Průhonice ; Lejska, Stanislav ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Kohut, Mojmír ; Rožnovský, Jaroslav ; Jacek, Wladyslaw ; Sládek, Petr ; Zajíček, Petr ; Hebelka, Jiří ; Drbal, Karel
Jsou popsány mikroklimatické poměry sledovaných jeskyní a mezoklimatické poměry oblasti. Jsou uvedeny výsledky měření mikroklimatu Punkevních, Sloupsko-šošůvských jeskyních, Amatérské a Kateřinské jeskyně. Je zhodnocen vliv návštěvnosti na změnu mikroklimatu a vazba na vnější prostředí. V závěru je diskutován současný stav možné scénáře vývoje.
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