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Antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile derived from hospitalised patients in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Zíková, Jaroslava ; Krůtová, Marcela (advisor) ; Najmanová, Lucie (referee)
Clostridioides difficile is one of the most common pathogens of healthcare-associated colitis (CDI). However, in recent years there has been an increasing number of reported cases in the community. Causative strain characterization allows us to track the occurrence and spread of certain C. difficile types. To update the current CDI epidemiological situation, between October and November 2021, 342 C. difficile isolates or stool samples from CDI patients for culture were sent from 23 Czech (n=200) and 17 Slovak (n=142) hospitals. All C. difficile isolates were characterized by ribotyping and toxin genes detection. From 342 isolates, 52 different ribotyping profiles were identified. The frequent ribotypes detected were 001, 176, 014, 018 and 020. Genes for toxins A and B were found in all isolates. Genes for binary toxins were detected in 43 (21,5 %) Czech isolates and in 117 (82,4 %) Slovak isolates. Further, selected isolates (n=140, 40,9 %) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to 17 antibiotics (E-test). Multilocus sequencing typing determined 30 different sequence types from the 39 included ribotypes. All C. difficile isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, and meropenem. The most frequently detected antimicrobial...
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Overlaps of sigma factors regulons of RNA polymerase in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Zíková, Jaroslava ; Pátek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Sudzinová, Petra (referee)
Sigma factor (σ) is a part of the RNA polymerase enzyme complex. This complex (referred to as a holoenzyme) ensures the recognition of the consensus promoter sequences of the individual genes and the initiation of transcription. Seven sigma factors were found in Corynebacterium glutamicum. The genome of this bacterium encodes one primary factor σA and another six alternative sigma factors: σB , σC , σD , σE , σH a σM . These alternative sigma factors are expressed in response to changes in the internal and external environment and ensure the adaption of the bacterium to growth conditions. They are also one of many ways to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level. In specific cases, the regulation of gene expression is caused by alternative sigma factors that recognize corresponding dual (recognized alternatively by two sigma factors) or overlapping promoters. Thus, the genes controlled by these promoters are classified into overlapping regulons. Key words: Corynebacterium glutamicum, sigma factor, RNA polymerase, transcription, promoter, regulons, RNA-seq, in vitro transcription, in vivo two-plasmid system
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