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Establishment and growth of spruces in reclaimed and unreclaimed plots on heaps after coal mining
Spurná, Veronika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
Coal is the most important raw material mined in our country. The mining acitivity creates huge impact on the landscape. The aim of the thesis is to compare the attachment of spruces on spoil tips created by coal mining and their growth during spontaneous succession and reclamation. The studied non-recultivated areas are overgrown with spontaneous vegetation consisting mainly of willow (Salix caprea), white birch (Betula pendula) and aspen poplar (Populus tremula L.). The reclaimed area only consists of planted Norway spruce (Picea abies). The density of localities, age and height structure, layout on terrain waves and distance from the edge of the dump were studied. Spruces were also mapped using GPS. The density of spruce vegetation on reclaimed areas is significantly higher than on succession, however, their growth is slower. On non-reclaimed areas, the growth of already attached spruces is significantly faster than on reclaimed areas. The results show a higher attachment of spruces on the slopes of the waves, especially on the northern leeward side, rather than in the troughs or on the peaks. The results show the possibility of undercutting succession areas with climax trees as a promising method of reclamation. Keywords: spruce, succession, reclamation, establishment of trees, density of trees
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Diversity of the genus Riccia (Marchantiophyta)
Spurná, Veronika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to give a brief overview of the genus Riccia. It belongs to the same taxonomic group as the genus Ricciocarpos Corda, family Ricciaceae (order Marchantiales, department Marchantiophyta). Both genera have a simple endosporophile and they do not possess elaters. The genus Riccia has a wide ecological valency. The representatives of the genus, who are adapted to life in drier areas, are able to grow on bare, sunny, clay soil. Other species can be found on wet places with high water occurrence or even directly in the aquatic environment. The genus has a worldwide distribution. The most abundant diversity is in subtropical areas with high environment variety which directly influences the diversity of this species. Representatives of this genus are able to survive extreme conditions and can very easily adapt to new conditions. They are also defined by great morphology plasticity. There are still problems to correctly distinguish some species from each other beacause of this reason. There are 13 species in the Czech Republic, three of them are easily interchangeable. Part of the thesis is therefore focused on the comparison of the species R. fluitans and R. rhenana from the Ricciella section. The former is typically found on the surface of the water. However, when found...
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Diversity of the genus Riccia (Marchantiophyta) and molecular methods of taxonomical study of liverworts
Spurná, Veronika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
The main objective of this study is to introduce the genus Riccia. The first fossil discoveries of this genus date back to the Early Pleistocene. It has been known from literature since the 17th century. From this time forward it gets more attention. This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across all of the world. It is capable of surviving extreme conditions. Also it adapts to new conditions quite easily. Representatives of genus Riccia have a very wide range of morphological variations. Therefore to this day there are still issues with a properly species determination. In the Czech Republic there are 13 species and 3 of it are easily interchangeable. Mainly, I focus on R.fluitans, which its a typical habitat is a water level. If R.fluitans lacks the aquatic environment, then It can look like terrestrial R.rhenana. The next chapter is about a description of basic metods in molecular studies on Marchantiophyta. Molecular data have changed significantly a view on the Marchantiophyta taxonomy. Until recently the taxonomy was dependent on morphological similarities. But modern metods don't always guarantee the correctness. Therefore it is recommended to combine molecular results with morphological features. Keywords: Riccia, diversity, variability, molecular study, Marchantiophyta
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