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Nuclear fission reactions
Michal, Jakub ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
Understanding of physical principles of nuclear fission and nuclear reactions is crucial for operation of a nuclear power plant. Both, light nuclides, and heavy nuclides, are fissionable, but retrieve enough energy is possible only for the heavy ones such as uranium and plutonium. There are many possible ways how the nuclear fission of the same nuclide can take place, however the energetic balance remains almost the same. Another important factor is the yield of the different isotopes. After fission they are usually in an excited state and decay by one of the decay modes. The nuclear fuels are normally based on the fissile nuclides mainly of the uranium and minorly on the plutonium. Despite the plutonium is originally in the fuel, it is one of the main sources of the released energy from nuclear fission. Problems of nuclear fission are then connected with the nuclear waste and possible proliferation of nuclear weapons.
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A comprehensive technical economic analysis of an electric car and a hydrogen vehicle
Lašák, Ondřej ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Elbl, Patrik (advisor)
Modern human society has undergone rapid technological development, and, as a result, humanity has begun to change the climate of planet Earth. The result is rising average temperature across the planet and some areas are threatened to become uninhabitable. One of the causes of global warming is the high CO2 emissions arising, among other things, from transportation. That is why transport is being diverted from fossil fuels to alternative energy carriers such as hydrogen or to direct usage of electricity. The aim of this work is to compare a hydrogen car and a battery electric car in terms of emission and energy requirements. In the last part, the economic costs of the transformation of passenger transport to these new fuels are approximated. The comparison includes current conditions and outlook to the future.
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Design of an impactor for fine particle separation
Rigby, Jakub ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis follows up fine particle separation issue with use of impaction method. The introduction is focused on main air pollutants. Closely the solid pollutants and their properties such as formation principle, legislation and human health impact are showed. Following parts describes methods of fine particle capture and closer is focused on impaction method. In the experimental part of this thesis main dimension calculation, construction and manufacturing process of virtual impactor is presented. Several construction and material types of virtual impactor has been fabricated. Finally, a separation efficiency measurement was made. This measurement confirms properties of PM2,5 and PM10 virtual impactor.
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Enrichment and reprocessing of nuclear fuel
Janoušek, Petr ; Elbl, Patrik (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
Nuclear fuel is one form of electricity generation. This bachelor thesis deals with its modification and processing as this fuel has to undergo special processes to ensure its good usability. The aim of the thesis is to list and analyze the main processes involved in the production of nuclear fuel. The thesis is, in particular, focused on the enrichment of nuclear fuel, which is the process of enhancing its properties. The first and second chapter of the paper discusses basic issues of first nuclear energy and then nuclear fuel. The third chapter of the thesis explains in detail the enrichment of nuclear fuel and also describes different methods of enrichment. Another process taking place after nuclear fuel is used is it's reprocessing. This method of converting used fuel into fuel that can be reused is dealt with in the last chapter of the thesis.
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Negative impact of renewable energy sources
Kleinová, Martina ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
The main focus of this work was to delve deeper into the issue of renewable energy. Firstly, we have looked at the different types in general and their characteristics, but in particular we have focused on the negative impacts they bring. Since renewable energy sources are our future, it is necessary to become familiar with their potential, possible shortcomings, the degree of severity of these problems and possible solutions. In the last part of the thesis, we looked at the use of renewables in the Czech Republic and evaluated the current policy and energy market.
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Heat exchanger design for using of residual heat of flue gas
Niesner, Lukáš ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Toman, Filip (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is focused at design of a heat exchanger for getting residual heat energy from flue gases formed by burning beech wood in a fireplace or stove. In first part is situated a brief overview of heat exchangers and what types can be found at market. Second part deal with stechiometric calculation of flue gases origin and their physical properties. Last part is about designing two exchangers, flue gases–air and flue gases–water.
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Ultrafine particles filtration efficiency of commonly available materials
Kudláčová, Martina ; Köbölová, Klaudia (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
In connection with the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic, there has been a global shortage of personal respiratory protective equipment against ultrafine particles. The citizens were forced to reach for the alternatives and use homemade cloth masks for personal protection. The efficiency of the protection provided by a cloth mask is related to the selection of a suitable material for its production. This thesis contains basic knowledge in the field of aerosol theory, transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID19 disease and filtration of aerosol particles containing the virus. Based on the theoretical knowledge from the first part, an experimental measurement is performer determining the efficiency of filtration and pressure loss of selected commonly available materials. Based on the results comparison, the most suitable materials for the homemade masks production are selected.
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Particle concentration measurement by various methods
Kuruc, Jan ; Kalivodová, Markéta (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
In addition to the gaseous components, the Earth's atmosphere contains solid and liquid particles from various sources. These particles are monitored and examined mainly due to their environmental and health impacts and many methods are used for their monitoring and measurement. The aim of the research part of this thesis is to bring the topic of aerosol particles, namely their division, the methods of formation closer, to indicate the impact of these particles on the environment and human health, and to further describe the measuring instruments used to measure the concentration of fine particles. The practical part of this work is the measurement of particle concentration using the impactor, the monitoring of particle concentrations and other data measured by the Brno-Arboretum measuring station, as well as the subsequent evaluation of the measured and monitored data. The primary output from the almost 18-day impactor measurement is considered to be the total concentration of all captured particles of 11.56 g/Nm. The size distribution of the captured particles is plotted in the graph, as well as the quantities monitored from the station. The data obtained is compared at the end and the links linking these data are given.
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Negative impacts of renewable resources on environment
Kopeček, Marek ; Chýlek, Radomír (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
Current society understands the need to protect the environment. Renewable energy resources are one of the major topics of environmental protection. Their benefits are reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The production process, operation, recycling, and possible accidents of renewable energy resources are investigated in each chapter. Attention was paid mainly to the most used renewable sources. Finally, the negative impacts are evaluated, and it is defined which renewable energy resources could be classified as ecological.
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Solar systems utilization for family house energy demand
Šamanová, Jaroslava ; Toman, Filip (referee) ; Sitek, Tomáš (advisor)
Solar systems are more and more common part of residential houses. Main reason for this, is that solar elements are state-supported with subsidies, which is reducing payback time of these investments. At the same time, the prices for these systems are dropping. The state support is connected with effort to reduce dependancy on non-renewable energy sources, e.g. coal powerplants, which are polluting atmosphere. State administration i salso the reason for large scale solar powerplant constructions, which are, according to some opinions, misshaping the landscape and covering large areas of sometimes fertile land.
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