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Nuptiality in Kazakhstan during the period of rapid economic growth
Kozhakhmetova, Aliya ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
This study primarily addresses nuptiality patterns in Kazakhstan over the period 1999-2007 characterized with rapid economic growth. The data are taken from censuses, vital statistics and other relevant data sources. The data collection is provided by the Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the UN Statistics Division. The aim of the thesis is to study marital behavior in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, on differentials by sex, age, nationality and place of residence. During the studied period nuptiality rates arose significantly. Therefore, the question is to what extend the favorable economic development had the impact on positive changes in marital behavior of population. Keywords: Nuptiality, Marriage, Divorce, Kazakhstan, USSR, Economic Growth
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Recent changes in marital and extramarital fertility according to ethnicity in Kazakhstan
Dyussupova, Saule ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Recent changes in marital and extramarital fertility according to ethnicity in Kazakhstan Saule Dyussupova Abstract Contemporary Kazakhstan has experienced different social and political changes since being an independent country. These changes influenced demographic processes such as fertility. The number of live births per one woman has altered, but what were the changes among ethnicities and what type of fertility has changed more: marital or extramarital? To answer these questions more sizable ethnicities in Kazakhstan, which are Kazakhs, Russians, Ukrainians and Uzbeks were chosen. After examining the trends for the above mentioned ethnicities, their demographic positions in marital and extramarital fertility were explained. Meanwhile, despite the fact that the social-cultural attitudes of each ethnicity differ from each other, the tendency in marital fertility was going up among all ethnicities and in case of extramarital fertility, mostly among non and mixed traditional ethnicities was going down. Thus, based on the results of the research, the author has concluded the following: after the stabilization of economic and political conditions in the country the number of marital births increased, whereas traditional ethnicity (Uzbek) has experienced the fastest increase in the proportion of extramarital...
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Differentiation of marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan
Karmenova, Zhaniya ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Differentiation of marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan Abstract This study primarily addresses nuptiality and fertility patterns among youth in East Kazakhstan region. The data are obtained from censuses, vital statistics and survey "Marital and reproductive behavior of young women in Ust-Kamenogorsk". The survey data collection has been supported by Center of International programs of Kazakhstan "Bolashak" and Charles University in Prague. The aim of the thesis is to study marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan region, in particular, differentials by sex, age, nationality and place of residence. Nuptiality and fertility rates have increased in the region during the study period. Hence, the impact of external socio-economic factors on marital and reproductive behavior of population was analyzed. Keywords: Nuptiality, Marriage, Divorce, Fertility, Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Ust- Kamenogorsk, Youth
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Working age population of Kazakhstan in 1999 - 2007
Karimova, Dinara ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
The main focus of this master's thesis was the working age population of Kazakhstan during 1999-2007. The size of working age population aged 16-64 rose from 9.6 million people to 10.5 million people during the considered period. We divide the working age population into three main categories such as employed, unemployed and economically inactive population then study these categories of working population by sex, age, educational level, the place of residence and regional dimensions of Kazakhstan. The importance and value of this master's thesis was the calculation of working life tables for the working age population of Kazakhstan. Key words: Kazakhstan, working age population, employed, unemployed, economically inactive population, working life expectancy.
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Perinatal mortality in Kazakhstan and prospects of its reduction
Abdrakhmanov, Assan ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
The thesis addresses the issue of perinatal mortality in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The perinatal and neonatal mortality rates in Kazakhstan both decreased in the period from 1994 to 2004, by 20% and 26% respectively. Despite these declines, the 2004 figures were still high compared to the averages in the WHO European Region. The neonatal mortality rate and the maternal mortality ratio were both 89% higher than the regional average for that year, while the perinatal mortality rate was 45% higher. There is also evidence of underreporting deaths underestimating mortality, as the indicators of maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality reported by WHO for 2000 are all at least three times higher than the Kazakhstan's estimates for the same year. This research analyzed data for the years from 1999 to 2008. This study examined the effect of known risk factors so called social and demographic factors including place of residence, marital status, age of mother and child birth order on perinatal mortality rates. Logistic regression has been used in order to measure the impact of individual explanatory factors on the occurrence of perinatal death and also to control effects of all remaining variables. The analysis revealed significant differences between rural and urban area. Perinatal mortality is much...
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Divorce trends in the Czech Republic and France within the context of legislation
Serbusová, Barbora ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
The main objective of this thesis consists in analyzing the impact of divorce legislation on the divorce rate in the Czech Republic and in France, from the 1950's up to the present time. The introduction provides information on the historical development of matrimonial legislation. The second part characterizes in detail the development of the legislative changes in the field of divorce in both countries. The next chapter is devoted to the comparative analysis of the divorce rate in the context of the legislative changes. In detail, it consists in studying the evolution of the divorce rate, the duration-specific divorce rate and the divorce rate in families with children. Furthermore, the cohort analysis of selected marriage-cohort was performed. The last chapter focuses on the development of attitudes towards marriage, family and divorce, all of that based on some selected surveys. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Impact of overweight and obesity on life quality
Nová, Kateřina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis addresses overweight and obesity worldwide and in the Czech Republic. It deals primarily with child obesity and investigates obesity impact on life quality of individuals. The aim of this work was to manifest a negative effect of obesity and overweight on health of the population. The theoretic part of the thesis deals with obesity definition, methods of measurement, treatment options and time trends with an emphasis on the situation in the Czech Republic. Effects of overweight and obesity on humans are analysed on the basis of expert studies. The obesity increases mortality and morbidity levels and the risk may increase if the prevalence grows. The analytical part of the work deals with the examination of survey data for children and adults. Statistical methods of correlation and regression were used for the analytical purpose. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Biological and social factors related to reproduction in the Czech Republic
Kaplanová, Helena ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The aim is to describe the development of selected demographic characteristics and their comparison in the long term or in selected years characterizing the babies and their mothers in the Czech Republic. The indicators are divided according to what they described to the biological factors, social factors and health factors. The analysis of biological characteristics includes age, frequency, order of birth and mothers parity. Social characteristics examined include marital status and education. Health characteristics in the thesis deal with pregnancy and childbirth, addictive substances use and childlessness. This thesis also describe the evolution of the mentioned characteristics and their combinations for the region NUTS II. in the Czech Republic supported by cluster analysis, which confirmed the regional differentiation. The major finding is that mothers still continuing moving to higher age groups, increasing the proportion of births outside marriage, increasing the representation of women in higher education and increasing the proportion of childbearing by caesarean section. In conclusion, this work also includes a description of the current typical woman, who has a children
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Reproductive careers of women in Slovakia during the state socialist era of the 1970s and in transforming society
Potančoková, Michaela ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Piscová, Magdaléna (referee)
The main goal of this study is to understand changes in fertility timing and ordering of reproductive life events over the women's life course. We investigate the process of family formation and transition to motherhood in Slovakia comparing birth cohorts of women who experienced childbearing during the state socialism of the 1970s and in transforming society. We employ the life course theory and combine qualitative methods with cross-sectional and cohort analysis of reproductive behaviour. Compared to the standardisation of reproductive careers during the state socialist era we observe individualisation of the life course and lowering degree of co-occurrence of life events in transition to adulthood. We find that sequential view of the life course, the perceived incompatibility of parenting with parallel life careers and newly articulated age norms contribute to the postponement of childbearing, which is perceived a rational strategy in response to the context of the market-oriented economy. Keywords: life course, reproductive behaviour, cohort fertility, postponement of childbearing, qualitative methods, Slovakia Abstrakt Hlavným cieľom štúdie je preskúmať zmeny usporiadania a časovania reprodukčných udalostí v rámci reprodukčných dráh žien. Porovnávame proces zakladania rodiny a prechodu k...
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Marriage and cohabitation in the Czech Republic and in France: demonstration of the second demographic transition?
Paloncyová, Jana ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
Cílem této práce je porovnat změny partnerského chování v České republice v 90. letech se situací ve Francii od 70. let. Pozornost je zaměřena na vstup do prvního partnerství, tedy na prvosňatečnost a život v nesezdaném soužití. Změny, ke kterým dochází v České republice od počátku 90. let, jsou často dávány do analogie se změnami, ke kterým došlo v rodinném chování v zemích západní Evropy v 60. a 70. letech. Řada studií se zabývá srovnávacími analýzami vycházejícími ze současného stavu, tj. porovnávají situaci ve více zemích ve stejném časovém období posledních let. Tato práce si klade otázku, zda celospolečenský kontext změn partnerského chování v České republice měl podobné rysy jako celospolečenský kontext podobných změn ve Francii. Z podrobných analýz vyplývá, že změny partnerského chování byly v obou zemích reakcí jak na strukturální změny společnosti, tak na hodnotové a postojové změny populace. Klíčová slova: sňatečnost, manželství, nesezdané soužití, druhý demografický přechod, změny hodnot, sociální zabezpečení, rodinná politika, strukturální analýza Abstract The aim of the study is to analyse the changes of partnership behaviour in the Czech Republic in the 1990s and in France since the 1970s. The attention is paid mainly to the first marriage and living in cohabitation. The changes...
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