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Analysis of family formation and dissolution processes using multistate demography modelling
Dušek, Zdeněk ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the development of the processes of family formation and dissolution in the Czech Republic between 1993 and 2008 using multistate demography. By this method, we analyze probability of transition between individual marriage states and events, which characterise these transitions. The first part of the analysis deals with the population as a whole, while the second part analyses only the part of population in fertile ages. LIPRO program was used to create a model of marital status based on data for the Czech Republic as well as for producing a forecast of population divided by marital status for the years of 2019?2023. Other parts of this thesis support the main aim of the thesis. The level of marriage and divorce rate were analysed between 1993 and 2008 as well as potential factors that could influence the level of above mentioned processes. Rising number of cohabitations could be one of those factors and therefore a special attention is paid to the development of this type of coexistence. Socioeconomic development and family and social policy are mentioned as well, because they could also have significant impact on the processes of formation and dissolution of families. The above mentioned factors and their relationship to the marriage rate are analysed using the...
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Multiple births in Czechia and international perspective
Kratochvílová, Anne-Marie ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Multiple births in Czechia and international perspective Abstract The bachelor thesis deals with the development of multiple births between 1950 and 2019 in the Czech Republic and compares it with the development of multiple births in selected foreign countries, which are France, Japan, Germany, Greece and Sweden. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyse the probable causes of the changes in the frequency of multiple births, which has been increasing worldwide especially in the last decades. The bachelor thesis examines the basic characteristics of multiple births and at the same time presents the factors that influence the frequency of multiple births and also looks at the risks associated with multiple births. Keywords: multiple births, multiples, twins, triplets, maternal age, assisted reproduction, trend
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Contemporary education in international perspective
Sochová, Lucie ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Contemporary education in international perspective Abstract The thesis addresses the topic of contemporary education in European countries with a focus on tertiary education. The first part is devoted to a general overview of education in Europe, the International Classification of Education ISCED, organizations dealing with education and their activities in the form of programs, collection of internationally comparable data or publications. It includes a description of education policies in European countries and a description of education systems in selected countries. The second part analyses data for 2020 provided by the OECD on tertiary graduates, which are considered in terms of international classifications, age or gender. A cluster analysis of bachelor and master graduates, divided by gender, is carried out in order to identify the presence of regions with similar characteristics and to further analyse them to show different trends depending on the gender of the graduates, level or fields of study. Key words: tertiary education, International Classification of Education ISCED, education policy, education system, graduates, cluster analysis
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Application of prospective indicators of demographic ageing at the district level in Czechia
Čábela, Filip ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (referee)
Application of prospective indicators of demographic ageing at the district level in Czechia Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze differences in the level of demographic ageing using prospective indicators at the LAU 1 level of the regions (districts) of Czechia in the periods 2006-2010, 2015-2019 and 2017-2021. The second objective is to compare the results of the analysis of prospective indicators with the results of a retrospective approach and to compare the differences between individual periods. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be stated that the districts Praha-západ and Praha-východ are among the youngest LAU 1 regions in Czechia. The most affected by demographic aging are the districts of the Ústecký kraj (e.g. Most, Teplice), as well as the districts Bruntál, Jeseník and Sokolov. For almost all LAU 1 regions, the values of prospective indicators increased between individual periods (with the exception of constant prospective age). The highest differences between the values of prospective and retrospective indicators are achieved by the districts in the period 2015-2019. The values of the indicators of both approaches are most similar in the districts of the Ústecký kraj, and differ the most in "urban" districts. The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the values of...
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Artifical abortion in Czechia, Slovakia, Croatia and Poland after World War II
Urešová, Daniela ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Artifical abortion in Czechia, Slovakia, Croatia and Poland after World War II Abstract This thesis aims to provide a clear and comprehensive overview of abortion, history, legislation and factors influencing abortion in Czechia, Slovakia, Croatia and Poland. The theoretical part presents essential information and factors influencing the artificial termination of pregnancy. The most important part of the academic work focuses on the history of legislation in Czechia, Slovakia, Croatia and Poland. The analytical part presents the development of selected indicators of the artificial abortion rate after the Second World War until 2020. It has been confirmed that legislation, attitudes and societal views on abortion change over time. Thus, there are currently differences in legislation between Czech, Slovakia, Croatia and Poland. Czech has the most liberal approach, Slovakia and Croatia are relatively liberal on this issue, while Poland has the strictest laws on abortion. Keywords: artifical abortion, abortion, contraception, legislation, Czechia, Slovakia, Croatia, Poland The number of characters in the document without spaces: 140 042
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Non-marital fertility in Czechia and Slovakia
Paučinová, Anetta ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Non-marital fertility in Czechia and Slovakia Abstract The increasing number and proportion of children born out of wedlock, which Czech and Slovak society has been facing since the 1990s, is not only a sign of the transformation of reproductive behaviour, but also a current sociodemographic topic. Despite the fact that children born out of wedlock have today the same rights and status as children born in marriage, the situation in the past was very different. This bachelor thesis outlines how the perception of children born out of wedlock has developed since the earliest times, and summarizes the shift that has occurred to the present day. In doing so, it focuses specifically on two countries - Czechia and Slovakia. Although these two countries are neighbours and have been one republic since 1918, they have long differed, not only in family and reproductive behaviour. In addition to the differences between the two countries, the theoretical chapters also focus on the development of marital and non-marital fertility in the 20th and 21st century. The subsequent analytical section then describes this development between 1921 and 2020 using selected indicators and provides information on the characteristics of Czech and Slovak women who bear their children unmarried. Keywords: non-marital fertility, marriage,...
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Differentiation of marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan
Karmenova, Zhaniya ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Differentiation of marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan Abstract This study primarily addresses nuptiality and fertility patterns among youth in East Kazakhstan region. The data are obtained from censuses, vital statistics and survey "Marital and reproductive behavior of young women in Ust-Kamenogorsk". The survey data collection has been supported by Center of International programs of Kazakhstan "Bolashak" and Charles University in Prague. The aim of the thesis is to study marital and reproductive behavior in East Kazakhstan region, in particular, differentials by sex, age, nationality and place of residence. Nuptiality and fertility rates have increased in the region during the study period. Hence, the impact of external socio-economic factors on marital and reproductive behavior of population was analyzed. Keywords: Nuptiality, Marriage, Divorce, Fertility, Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan region, Ust- Kamenogorsk, Youth
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Impact of alcohol on health
Kohoutová, Iva ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Impact of alcohol on health Abstract According to World Health Organisation about 3 % of all deaths in the world are alcohol- -related. The Czech Republic has continuously high per capita alcohol consumption which is conected not only to health risks possibly leading to disability, permanent disability or to premature death. But also has social and economic impacts. Problematic drinking can decrease work performance which can lead to unemployment, it also increases risk of criminality and causes serious problems in family life. First part of this work briefly describes history and development of perception of alcoholism and its possible consequences. It also contains an analysis of alcohol consumption in the Czech republic and its sociodemographic determinants. The second part focuses on effects of alcohol on health and quantification of its impact on mortality and morbidity. Key words: alcohol, mortality, morbidity, alcoholism, injury, pregnancy
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Childlessness in the Czech Republic: cohort perspective
Žemberová, Karolína ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze childless women in the Czech Republic and compare them to similar women in Slovakia, Netherlands and USA. The main statistical analysis used is generational fertility tables for women born between 1935 and 1968. The first part presents theories that attempt to explain the change of reproductive preferences which were distinctively different than the second half of the 20th century. According to the results of the analysis, there was a strong corrolational change of generational childlessness in western countries by women born shortly after World War II. In the Czech and Slovak Republic the same generational childlessness was observed in women born in the sixties. Furthermore, it analyzes the percentage of childless women in the Czech Republic, depending on their marital status, according to data take from the census, which took place after 1950. It was concluded that the percentage of childless women changed by single and married women. The work also studies attitudes and opinions regarding childlessness based on sample surveys. The results of this thesis show that there are a growing number of childless women in particular countries and also that there is a growing importance in studying this phenomenon.
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