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Comparative analysis of controversial Slovak, German, Slovak-exile literature about Dr. Josef Tiso (+ 1947) from the historical-ethical perspective.
Pavol, Jozef ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (referee) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
RESUME Tematikou tejto licenciátnej práce je analýza kontroverznej osoby Dr. Jozefa Tisa - kňaza a prezidenta Slovenského štátu z historicko - etického hľadiska. Počas jeho politickej kariéry došlo k rozdeleniu Československa, zavedeniu jednej politickej strany na Slovensku, vyhláseniu vojny proti Poľsku a ZSSR a k antisemitizmu voči židom na Slovensku. Sú to udalosti, ktoré sa týkajú nielen správnej interpretácie Tisa z historického hľadiska na základe historických faktov, ale zasahujú i morálno- etickú rovinu samotného kňaza katolíckej cirkvi v hraničných etických situáciách. Jeho osobnosť rozpolťuje týmto nielen historické kruhy, ale prispieva i k polarizácii samotnej spoločnosti. Pokým nacionalistické, pravicové (Slovenská pospolitosť) a cirkevno - konzervatívne kruhy (biskup Sokol) sa ho zastávajú a stavajú na oltár mučeníkov, liberálne vidia v ňom pre zmenu diktátora a antisemitu. Ústredná otázka tejto práce teda znie: V čom spočíva a odkiaľ pramení polemizácia Tisa v historických kruhoch a ako jednal Tiso v hraničných etických situáciach (jednal podľa etických princípov morálnej teológie?)?. Prvá historická časť tejto práce sa venuje analýze 3 hlavných historických prúdov, ktoré svojimi líniami polarizujú Tisa v historických kruhoch: slovenský, slovenský - exilový a nemecký prúd. Ťažiskom analýzy...
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Donations of organs - duty, donation or oportunity?
Uher, Martin ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
Martin Uher DAROVÁNÍ ORGÁNŮ - POVINNOST, DAR NEBO ŠANCE? Bakalářská práce Resumé Práce se snaží podat stručný přehled problematiky odběru a transplantace orgánů z medicínského i etického hlediska. V první části, po úvodu a krátkém historickém přehledu, se autor věnuje vymezení pojmů z oblasti transplantologie a toho, jaké druhy transplantace známe. Potom následuje kapitola o mozkové smrti jako smrti jedince. Popisuje postupy, jak k diagnóze mozkové smrti dospět. Důležitost důkazu smrti jedince je založena na zásadě, že není možný odběr orgánu z mrtvého. V následujících dvou kapitolách se práce věnuje jak dárcovi tak i potencionálnímu příjemci orgánů - jaké "podmínky" musí splňovat a jaké orgány může darovat, resp. přijmout. V 6. kapitole autor popisuje vlastní výkon transplantace a 7. kapitolu věnuje velmi aktuálnímu problému - transplantaci od žijícího dárce. Další, 8. kapitola se specifickými problémy týkajícími se transplantací - jako jsou např. dárci s nebijícím srdcem, děti a anencefaličtí novorozenci - uzavírá "medicínskou" část práce. Autor se dále věnuje etickým aspektům transplantace - od diskusních rovin přes etické principy až po problém obchodu s orgány a etické problémy darování orgánů od žijících dárců. V roce 2002 přijal Parlament České republiky nový transplantační zákon. Právě jemu je...
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The Suicide - A Moral Evaluation
Krajíc, Pavel ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (referee)
Author: Pavel Krajíc Theme: Self-murder - moral evaluation Human being is put up before number of problems that he or she has to solve. Many times he or she is impeded by the situation of despair, feelings of absence of any sense or even by the lack of attentive care from man's surrounding. So the only solution how to get rid of that despair is seen in liquidation of the human itself. To avoid this risk, it depends not only on the person itself but also on the help from its surrounding. In case of incurable the palliative care is the pivotal help for the sick. What is especially important is that the person that is intended to end his or her life, or even tried to do it, mustn't be alone. In terms of moral evaluation it is important to consider the situation that contributed to suicide. Key words: value of human life, self-murder, the Bible, history, Canon Law, empirical sciences (sociology, medical science, psychology), educational authority of the church, help, assisted suicidium, euthanasia, palliative care.
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The Principle of Human Dignity in the Czech Prisons
Prajka, Petr ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (referee)
The Principal of Human Dignity in the Czech Prison Summary The thesis concentrates on a set of findings concerning the matter of human rights and their abidance in prisons in the Czech Republic. These findings are based on evaluation reports of The Czech Prison Direction and The Czech Humane Committee. It also includes the evaluation of findings obtained in a sociological research among the prisoners who were confronted with the results of above mentioned organizations. The purpose of this thesis was to learn the historical background of the creation of The Declaration of Basic Human Rights, their abidance and fulfillment, as results from the title of this thesis. Another purpose is to evaluate a historical development not only in the light of the world as such - so secular, but also in the light of faith; of the approach of Catholic Church and Christianity. It is possible to say that the modern approach of thoughts stressed the ability and demand of human intelligence on a moral autonomy concerning social institutions and the social form. Especially the originality, form elaboration, bibliographical citations, analytical- systematical preparation of data etc. are the benefits. Impulses included in this thesis are designated mainly to those who are interested in fulfilling the human rights. The idea of...
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Advance directives. Risks and benefits.
Matějek, Jaromír ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee) ; Prokop, Jiří Maxmilián (referee)
The thesis deals with the interpretation of "the advance directives". In particular, contexts are identified in which the interpretation is made. The thesis show the significance of the contexts from the interpretation of patients' texts. Their essential feature is a dynamism being independent on the patient's will, their unsteadiness and possibility to develop unexpectedly. These circumstances make a patient's text a hazardous tool.
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De Religione: how Christianity became religion
Červenková, Denisa ; Ventura, Václav (advisor) ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (referee) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
De religione: jak se křesťanství stalo náboženstvím Přestože v dějinách pojem náboženství přiřazujeme ke křesťanství zcela přirozeně, křesťanství se identifikovalo s náboženstvím teprve, když začalo pronikat do světa latinské kultury, na samém závěru druhého století po Kristu, a to v apologetických spisech Q.S.F. Tertuliána. V jeho Apologetiku, v konfrontaci křesťanství s filozofií a tradičním římským náboženstvím, se poprvé setkáme s pojmem religio aplikovaným na sebe porozumění křesťanství jako celku křesťanské nauky i životního stylu. První a druhá kapitola práce se zabývá historickým kontextem, který přivedl křesťany k definování vlastní identity právě skrze kategorii religio, a konceptem a rolí religio v pozdně- antické latinské kultuře. Jádro studie tvoří kapitola třetí a čtvrtá, věnované definici křesťanské identity v Tertuliánově Apologetiku a recepci kategorie religio v tomto a v dalších spisech tohoto latinského teologa.
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Contemporary catholic apocalyptics. A new perspective on private revelations.
Staněk, Martin ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (referee) ; Červenková, Denisa (referee)
Contemporary Catholic apocalyptics. New perspective on private revelations. This paper shows that the area of private revelations and Marian devotion hit especially in the second half of the twentieth century wave of apocalyptics, which culminated at the turn of the millennium. It appears by the analysis of texts, messages and prophecies of modern Marian apparitions, which report close to second coming of Christ. The author focuses on the biblical foundations of modern apocalyptics and analyzes the existence of such expectations in the history of the Church. The historical overview shows that current expectations, which are mainly millenaristic, have their prototypes in the Middle Ages and the early church, even though the Church has never accepted them. It attempts to affect the structure of eschatology of these revelations and interpretations, noting the changing role of the Virgin Mary and the Holy Spirit in the contemporary apocalyptics and in events of the End Times. It points out the eschatological nature of some of the writings of Pope John Paul II. The theological chapter examines the relationship of private revelations to the unique and constitutive revelation and on the basis of the arguments of some theologians considers obligatory nature with which are private revelations submitted to...
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Personal freedom and bonum commune analysis of work theory of justice John Rawls christian ethics from the perspective
Novitzky, Peter ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee) ; Sokol, Jan (referee)
This work tries to present the importance of the theory of justice of John Rawls from the point of view of Christian ethics, pointing out selected aspect of this theory. The basis for this reflection gives the fact, that the theory of justice of John Rawls is repeatedly cited in the presentations of the principles of Catholic social teaching. In some points they show similarities, in others are in opposition. Furthermore, John Rawls formulates his formal theory in a way to make it acceptable for every rational human being. In this group are also included persons with religious and moral ideas, or how John Rawls call them himself: people with comprehensive doctrines. The rationale to examine the theory of justice is justified also by the fact that Rawls ascribes not ignorable function in the aforementioned theory to religious ideas. Thirdly, in the case of John Rawls is possible to see one of the advocates and fore-representative of the liberal tradition. Liberalism is, because of its ambiguous definition but simultanously real presence in the society and thinking of people, not ignorable challenge for the Church and religious ideas, with which she already tries for two hundred years to tackle. In this work therefore will be presented the life and works of John Rawls, together with the basic theses of...
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The collaboration of the Catholic Church and priests with the socialist regime of the GDR in theological and ethical reflection
Buss, Gregor ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee) ; Šrajer, Jindřich (referee)
The doctoral thesis tries to reflect the collaboration of Catholic priests with the Ministry for State Security (= Ministerium für Staatssicherheit; MfS or Stasi) in the former GDR from a theological perspective. This is done in two steps. The first part of the thesis illustrates the historical background. This includes an introduction into the history, ideology and working methods of the Stasi. The main goal, however, is to give an overview of the amount and charakter of the collaboration of Catholic priests. The first part ends with a typology of the different motives and reasons for cooperating with the Stasi. In the second part the problem of collaboration is reflected from an ethical perspective. It is not intended to evaluate individual cases, but to elaborate criteria for the evaluation of individual cases. The guiding assumption is that the cooperation with state security ether arose from a lack of willing, a lack of ability, or a lack of cognition. The priests were therefore either limited in their moral motivation, their freedom or their cognitive competence. To what extent these limitations were caused by the priests themselves or by the surrounding circumstances, can be regarded as a key question when it comes to evaluating cases of collaboration.
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