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How do bird species richness and abundance differ between military training areas and surrounding landscape? A case study from the Hradiště military area
Bušek, Ondřej ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Koleček, Jaroslav (referee)
Since the beginning of the 20th century human land use changed drastically in Central Europe. These changes included: homogenization of the landscape mosaic, intensification of agriculture, urbanization and land abandonment. In turn, these changes affected bird species and perhaps most significantly manifested in population decline of open habitat birds. Therefore, it is important to investigate sites, which were not affected by the changes mentioned above, such as military training areas (MTAs) - places dedicated to training of armed forces. Previous studies have shown that MTAs seem to host remarkably high bird diversity and abundant populations of bird species of conservation concern. This may be caused by two major factors. First, closure of MTAs to all human activies besides military training spared them of the landscape changes mentioned above. Second, the military training itself produces a very heterogeneous habitat mosaic that allows coexistence of many species with different ecological requirements. To my knowledge, no study compared bird assemblages between MTAs and surrounding landscape directly. At the same time, such data are crucial to assess the value of MTAs for bird conservation reliably and, as a consequence, they enable to think more deeply about mechanism generating this value....
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Bird mortality at transparent barriers
Houdová, Monika ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Koleček, Jaroslav (referee)
Bird mortality at transparent barriers (noise barriers or common house windows) is undoubtedly very important environmental issue, because of the rapid development of human society and even more rapid growth of very dangerous places for birds. At this time there is no review article yet, that would synthesize each sub-study on the extent to which individuals can die on those obstacles, which factors are critical for the ability of obstacle avoiding, how much collision threaten the vitality of bird populations and if we can prevent such unintended damage. This bachelor thesis handle with these questions as a literary review. From the available information we can suggests that the most important factor is migration behavior of birds, individuals migrating through the night are much more at risk than those migrating during the day, mostly because of light pollution, which can confuse them. The most dangerous time of year in this direction is clearly autumn, and that also relates with migration. Population losses caused by collision to the transparent barriers can be up to 20 % of the total population per year. Thesis in addition to a summary of available information on the issue proposes and evaluates possible preventive aplications, which may further serve to effective conservation for birds among...
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Habitat characteristics accounting for the attractiveness of military training areas for birds: a case study from the Hradiště military training area
Hernová, Jana ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Vojta, Jaroslav (referee)
Military areas are extraordinary biodiversity-rich due to limited economic activities and a specific way of using the areas for military training. Previous research has also revealed their positive influence on bird species diversity, this applies to endangered species in particular. However, the exact biotope characteristics attracting birds are insufficiently known. In this regard, I expected an important role of heterogeneity of the environment. The aim of the thesis was therefore: (I) to find out the difference of environmental heterogeneity between a military area (MA) and the surrounding landscape, both in a forest and a non-forest sites, (II) to find out what biotope characteristics attract birds in open landscape and (III) what characteristics attract birds in forest. Fieldwork took place in a still active MA of Hradiště and neighboring controls of Bochov and Ostrov. In total, 80 study plots were surveyed for representation of individual biotopes (39 types in total) and the number of fragments of woody vegetation. Data on bird species richness were taken from the thesis of Bušek (2015), surveyed birds at identical study plots and calculated total number of bird species and the number of endangered bird species at each plot. The open landscape of MA has, compared to the surrounding cultural...
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Bird population changes from a historical perspective: a case study from the Czech Republic
Szarvas, Filip ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Koleček, Jaroslav (referee)
Numerous studies focused on the changes in breeding bird populations in the Czech Republic exist, however, these studies are based on data from 1980s onwards. Such studies investigate the effects of environmental changes on various bird groups defined by their ecological traits. Although these studies provided important insights into bird population drivers, considering the start of 1980s as a baseline for comparisons with the current conditions is questionable since the underlying drivers most likely acted for longer time. To bridge this knowledge gap, the goal of my study is to create a comprehensive dataset covering changes in bird populations over three time periods: 1950s/60s, 1980s and recent time (2014-2018) based on the memories of ornithologists who witnessed these times. The next goal is to establish whether the decrease of some species dates from the last 40 years, or whether it predates this period. The results of my study show that certain groups of birds according to their ecological requirements disappear from the Czech landscape faster than other groups. In the groups of species classified by their environmental requirements, the most rapidly disappearing are species bonded to agricultural landscape and urban species. According to the food requirements, the fastest decreasing are...
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Bird mortality at transparent barriers
Houdová, Monika ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Koleček, Jaroslav (referee)
Bird mortality at transparent barriers (noise barriers or common house windows) is undoubtedly very important environmental issue, because of the rapid development of human society and even more rapid growth of very dangerous places for birds. At this time there is no review article yet, that would synthesize each sub-study on the extent to which individuals can die on those obstacles, which factors are critical for the ability of obstacle avoiding, how much collision threaten the vitality of bird populations and if we can prevent such unintended damage. This bachelor thesis handle with these questions as a literary review. From the available information we can suggests that the most important factor is migration behavior of birds, individuals migrating through the night are much more at risk than those migrating during the day, mostly because of light pollution, which can confuse them. The most dangerous time of year in this direction is clearly autumn, and that also relates with migration. Population losses caused by collision to the transparent barriers can be up to 20 % of the total population per year. Thesis in addition to a summary of available information on the issue proposes and evaluates possible preventive aplications, which may further serve to effective conservation for birds among...
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How do bird species richness and abundance differ between military training areas and surrounding landscape? A case study from the Hradiště military area
Bušek, Ondřej ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Koleček, Jaroslav (referee)
Since the beginning of the 20th century human land use changed drastically in Central Europe. These changes included: homogenization of the landscape mosaic, intensification of agriculture, urbanization and land abandonment. In turn, these changes affected bird species and perhaps most significantly manifested in population decline of open habitat birds. Therefore, it is important to investigate sites, which were not affected by the changes mentioned above, such as military training areas (MTAs) - places dedicated to training of armed forces. Previous studies have shown that MTAs seem to host remarkably high bird diversity and abundant populations of bird species of conservation concern. This may be caused by two major factors. First, closure of MTAs to all human activies besides military training spared them of the landscape changes mentioned above. Second, the military training itself produces a very heterogeneous habitat mosaic that allows coexistence of many species with different ecological requirements. To my knowledge, no study compared bird assemblages between MTAs and surrounding landscape directly. At the same time, such data are crucial to assess the value of MTAs for bird conservation reliably and, as a consequence, they enable to think more deeply about mechanism generating this value....
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