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Drug induced imbalance of sodium
Šteflová, Iveta ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Iveta Šteflová Drug induced imbalance of sodium Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Pharmacy Department of Biological and Medical Science Supervisor: Doc.MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Sodium (Na+ ) is the major extracellular cation. It plays an important role in maintaining membrane potential and depolarization that is the basic mechanism of transmission of the nerve impulse. It is involved in maintaining acid-base balance, osmotic pressure, water retention in the body. The largest part of the sodium is in the extracellular fluid where it is stored about 50 % of sodium. Plasma concentration of sodium is 140 ± 5 mmol/l. Drug-induced electrolyte disorders are increasingly reported and may be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The risk of drug-induced hyponatremia is generally higher than the risk of drug-induced hypernatremia. Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder defined as a decrease plasma sodium concentration below 135 mmol/l. It is classified by the state of volume - hypovolemic, euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. It reflects the relative rate between sodium and water in the body. The most common cause is the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone that induces euvolemic hyponatremia. Hypernatremia is...
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Patients'Attitude Towards Asthma Disease and its Treatment
Hamalová, Kateřina ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Kateřina Hamalová Consultant: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of Thesis: Patients'attitude towards asthma disease and its treatment The rigorous thesis monitors patients' attitude towards asthma disease and its treatment. This thesis has been created on the basis of questionnaires distributed among patients in several ambulances and hospitals (allergology and immunology ambulance of MUDr. Mudruňková in Ústí nad Labem; allergology-clinical immunology department, department of internal medicine, pulmonary non-state medical institution of the Central Military Hospital in Prague; pulmonary department in The Motol University Hospital in Prague. All the patients received and filled up the same questionnaire. The subject of this thesis was to find out the patients' awareness of their disease and the impact of such a disease on their daily life. The patients' knowledge of the factors that can start the asthma attack was examined as well as whether they did identify symptoms of the oncoming spasm. The patients were also inquired if they were able to cope with the asthma attacks and whether they were familiar with the technique and the way of dosing the pharmaceuticals. The...
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Analysis of the levels of morphine in the systemic circulation when abuse / / natural opium poppy clients and contact centers in the region of Central Moravia
Kučeravcová, Jitka ; Klusoňová, Hana (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
This Rigorous Thesis concerns the problems with the natural opium abuse in the region of Central Moravia. It is based on the questionnaire analyses, which were held in The Contact Centre Plus in Kroměříž and in The Contact Centre Kappa in Přerov in the period from June to August 2007. Further the results of Diploma Thesis The Questionnaire Analysis of Natural Opium Abuse in Olomouc and Prostějov Region, from the year 2007, are used in this work. The results of the Diploma Thesis come from the questionnaire analysis, which was held in The Contact Centre Walhalla in Olomouc and in The Contact Centre Želva in Prostějov in the period from May to July 2006. 71 clients from all mentioned contact centres took part in this resarch (22 from Kroměříž, 17 from Přerov, 20 from Olomouc and 12 from Prostějov). ). All the results from the Contact Centres Walhalla and Želva are written in the above mentioned Diploma Thesis. Only those clients with the experience of opium abuse were added to the group of respondents. After having analysed the results from all the four centres, we found that the average age of Kroměříž (KM) users is 26,4 years, of Přerov (PŘ) users it is 28,8 years, of Olomouc (OL) users 25,6 years and of Prostějov (PV) users it is 24,4 years. More than a half of all the clients from the centres are...
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Vasorelaxant activity of selected metabolites of quercetine on isolated rat aorta
Horáčková, Markéta ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradech Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Markéta Horáčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršálová, CSc. Title of rigorous thesis: The vasorelaxing effect of selected quercetin metabolites on isolated rat aorta Quercetin with its metabolites belongs into wide group called flavonoids, which are polyphenolic secondary metabolites of plants. This work, that is part extensive research ongoing in Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, is focused on selected metabolites of propionic acid. In theoretical part I included characterisation of flavonoid group and their pharmacological effect. I also described morphology of blood-vessels and mechanisms of regulation of systemic circulation, because this work is about effect on blood-vessels. In experimental part we observed vasorelaxation effect of selected metabolites on isolated thoracic aorta of strain Wistar rat first. We compared effects of tested metabolites with quercetin, which was also included in experiment. As the most efficient metabolite was found 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3-HPPA). Its vasorelaxing effect was about one order bigger than quercetin and its other tested metabolites. 3-HPPA was selected for the...
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In vitro Mechanism of Action of Quinoxaline Derivate VN-034 on the Respiratory System
Machová, Iva ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Iva Machová Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: In vitro mechanism of action of quinoxaline derivate VN-034 on the respiratory system Abstract: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the mechanism of relaxation effect of quinoxaline derivative VN-034 in vitro, and to evaluate the potential of the substance to act as a β-agonist or M-antagonist. The classical in vitro method of isolated trachea was applied. In our experimental work VN-034 did not behave as a competitive β-agonist, however propranolol had an influence on its effect. On β-receptors, detailed mechanism of action could not be determined. On M-receptors, the substance behaved as a competitive antagonist.
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The effect of quercetin metabolite on the rat isolated arteries.
Rudišarová, Simona ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Simona Rudišarová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of quercetin metabolite on the rat isolated arteries This study is focused on the research of the effects of flavonol quercetin and its selected metabolites (3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid) on blood vessels in vitro. A standardized method of an isolated rat aorta was used. The aim of this study was to find out how substances act on the isolated aorta and if the effect of the effective metabolite is dependent on the presence of the endothelium in the vessel. After precontracting with noradrenaline, individual concentrations of the test substances were added to the aortic ring bath (final concentrations in the bath ranging from 10-7 to 10-3 M). From the measured values EC50 values (quercetin = 3,63 . 10-5 M, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid = 3,21 . 10-6 M, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid = 4,38 . 10-5 M) were obtained and the corresponding DRC curves were constructed using S.P.E.L. Advanced Kymograph Software. The experiment was performed once again with quercetin and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid on the endothelium-denuded vessel. According to the results is...
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Drug-induced dysbalance of potassium.
Gregorová, Kateřina ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Kateřina Gregorová, Drug-induced dysbalance of potassium, The diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, diploma thesis tutor: Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc., Hradec Králové, 2011, 65 pages This diploma thesis called "Drug-induced dysbalance of potassium" focuses on the homeostasis of potassium, disorder of potassium homeostasis - potassium retention and hyperkalemia, potassium depletion and hypokalemia. The diploma thesis gives an overview of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia induced by drugs and their treatment options. Drugs are divided into several groups according to the mechanism of these dysbalance. Key words: potassium - hyperkalemia - hypokalemia
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Contemporaty contraception
Chvajová, Renata ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
2 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Renata Chvajová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of graduation theses: Contemporary contraception In my Graduation Theses I have tried to summarize existing basic knowledge of methods of preventing conception available in the Czech Republic. In the introduction of my Graduation Theses I have made a sketch of a woman's reproductive system and function of hormones in woman's organism. I have paid less attention to the methods which are used less and on the other hand I have focused on description of the methods which are used most often, and not only in the Czech Republic. For each group of contraception I have described the method, the mechanism of its effect, reliability of the method, the way of usage, pros and cons of the method, indications and contra-indications, eventually some other characteristics of the contraceptive method. I have supplied the theoretical knowledge with pictures and tables. At the end of each chapter I have named a list of contemporary registered preparations. The last chapter deals with the way the progress of contraception is going to proceed in the future.
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