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The settlements and agriculture of the margins in the later middle age and early new age
Klír, Tomáš ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Petráň, Josef (referee) ; Smetánka, Zdeněk (referee)
This doctoral thesis presents the study of the rural milieu in the Later Middle Ages and the Early New Ages, especially with regard to its economic and settlement aspects. As a useful source of specific information we chose enclaves of margins since they are connected with contrasting settlement situation. This contrast served us well as a starting point for a discussion of more general features. The dissertation is divided into four parts. The first part deals with general problems of intensive agricultural exploitation of margins. In the second part, we bring forward a concrete example and discuss agricultural systems, which were employed on the enclave from the Early New Ages, namely, on the aeolian sands near Sadská (Central Bohemia). The third part is devoted to the beginnings of the medieval settlements in this particular region. This part of our research we based on written sources. The subject of the fourth part is the analysis of all relief remains represented by the deserted medieval village Kří (near Sadská) situated on the aeolian sands. It was this deserted village, together with the interest in relief remains of medieval settlements hitherto preserved in the landscape, that gave incentive to write this dissertation. The broader temporal range of the topic was determined by two facts. Firstly,...
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History of the Bohemian Dominican Province in the Early New Age 1435-1790
Zouhar, Jakub ; Čornejová, Ivana (advisor) ; Petráň, Josef (referee) ; Černušák, Tomáš (referee)
This paper attempts to review the history of the Bohemian Dominican Province, specifically the history and impact of the Dominican Order on the life in the Lands of the Czech Crown at this time. There is a period of decline in prestige of the Order in the 15th and 16"' centuries but it is followed by a period of rebirth of its intellectual potency in the 17th century. The convents of the Dominican Order, as well as many of other Orders, were dissolved by the emperor Joseph II in the 1780s. I also pay close attention to the relationship between the Dominican Order and the Jesuits during the 17th and 18th centuries. The importance of this study for more detailed future research of the history of the Dominican Order is indisputable. I know of no other work dealing with this problem. I use mainly primary sources. The characteristic type of documents is Order chronicles, official documents and some historical works written by the members of the Order in the 17th and 18th century. Many of the documents are filed in the National Archive of the Czech State (Is1 department) and in the General Archive of the Dominican Order in Rome (Italy). Many of them have been unknown up to this time. In conclusion of this introduction I would like sum up that this paper has an ambition to reopen a new research and study of the...
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Economic exploitation od forests in the early modern period. "Forest industries" in the 17-18th centuries
Woitsch, Jiří ; Maur, Eduard (advisor) ; Matoušek, Václav (referee) ; Petráň, Josef (referee)
The thesis deals with a specific branch of early-modern industry. So called forest industries (or crafts) and craftsmen are depicted from the point of view of technology used, its economic, social as well as cultural characteristics. The thesis is focused on the territory of the Central Europe in the 17-18th centuries and is based on archival research and study of foreign theoretical scientific literature. The author came to a conclusion, that the forest industries (e.g. charcoal making, tar making, resin extraction, wood ashes making and potash making) constitute a specific kind of linked strategies of subsistence. Moreover through forest industries natural resources (forests and woodlands) were exploited and their shape and stand was changed. The most important part of thesis - also from the gnoseological point of view - is presentation of the outcomes of several ethno-archaeological experiments, which contributed essentially to the re-interpretation of written sources.
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Saxon nation of Prague university law school (1372-1419)
Stočes, Jiří ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Petráň, Josef (referee) ; Doležalová, Eva (referee)
Předkládaná disertační práce chce být příspěvkem k nejstaršímu období dějin pražské univerzity. V centru její pozornosti je instituce univerzitních národů, s níž se na moderních univerzitách dávno nesetkáváme. Na řadě středověkých univerzit včetně pražské však hrály univerzitní národy velmi významnou roli. Představovaly jednak podpůrné korporace, které poskytovaly svým příslušníkům sociální zázemí a případnou pomoc, zároveň byly nástrojem, pomocí něhož v rámci univerzity prosazovaly své zájmy. Stávaly se tak jedním ze základních prvků univerzitní správy. Cíl této práce je dvojí. V prvé části se pokusím nastínit vývoj univerzitních národů v Praze a popsat jejich často značně konfliktní vztahy. Především však mi půjde o postižení charakteru těchto národů jakožto jedné ze základních institucí středověké univerzity. Ačkoliv dosavadní česká historiografie věnovala univerzitním národům poměrně velkou pozornost, a to zvláště v souvislosti s vydáním Kutnohorského dekretu, některé události zůstávají nadále opomíjeny a institucionální podoba pražských univerzitních národů rovněž nebyla dostatečně objasněna. Tuto skutečnost do jisté míry ilustruje i fakt, že k tomuto tématu v českém dějepisectví dosud neexistuje nejen samostatná monografie, ale ani důkladnější studie. O něco více pozornosti těmto otázkám věnovala...
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