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Phytochemical study of Helianthus annuus L. II
Niedobová, Soňa ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
OF THE DIPLOMA THESIS My diploma thesis was intended on phytochemical study of polar extract of Helianthus annuus L. leaves and simultaneously biological tests were done (so-called bioassay - guided separation) - acute toxicity, antioxidant activity (DPPH test, FRAP metod) and antifungal activity. The Fraction 29 showed the highest antioxidant activity. The Fraction 22-24/3, obtained by preparative chromatography, was analyzed by gas chromatography. This analysis shows present of the oil-acid, the oily acids with a middle chain, the palmitoic acid and the myristic acid.
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Biological Active Plant Metabolites II. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and Screening of Their Biological Properties
Průša, Jan ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee) ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor)
Průša, J.: Biological Active Plant Metabolites II. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and Screening of Their Biological Properties. Rigorous Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 69 p. Within the screening of plants that contains alkaloids inhibiting the activity of the human erythtocytic acetylcholinesterase and human serum butyrylcholinesterase Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) was studied. This work connect to my diploma thesis (2009). The task was to separate mixture of alkaloids from extract "B-chloroform" subfraction F1-3. This subfraction was prepared within the frame of diploma thesis. From this mixture, using preparative TLC, were isolated two compounds in the form of free bases. On the basis of MS, NMR and comparing data in literature these two substances were identified as sinoacutine and sebiferine. The isolated compounds inhibited the human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human blood serum butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 for AChE sinoacutine > 1 mM and sebiferine > 1 mM and with IC50 for BuChE sinoacutine> 1 mM and sebiferine > 1 mM. These compounds showed no inhibition aktivity to AChE and BuChE for the development of...
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The biological activity of compounds contained in plants XVIII. Antimicrobial activity of some secondary metabolites 2.
Váňová, Jana ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee) ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor)
Váňová, J.: Biological Activity of Plant Metabolites XVII. Antimicrobial Activity of Some Secondary Metabolites 2. Rigorous Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2009, 106 pp. The antibacterial activity of 4 selected plant extracts was evaluated against E. coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts were prepared by extraction in 80% ethanol and subsequent percolation. Two methods were used for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). In the first case the values of MIC expected for E .coli on the basis of the other literature studies were not reached. All samples within the concentration range of 5 - 0,005 ppm which were prepared in two series were negative even after 48 hours exposition. In the second case better results were reached for E. coli and S. aureus. Two series of serial twofold dilutions within the concentration range of 25 %-0.02 % were prepared. The lowest values of MIC were exhibited by Thymus vulgaris extract, especially against Gram-positive indicator strain. Nevertheless the values of MIC remain very high (3.13 % for E. coli, 0.2 % for S. aureus). For determination of minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) in E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O55 seven essential...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites. XVI. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase
Filáková, Ivana ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee) ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor)
Filáková, I.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XIV. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 63 p. Within the screening of plants containing alkaloids potentially inhibiting human erythrocytic AChE and human butyrylcholinesterase was studied poppy (Papaver somniferum L) It was used 30 kg of poppy straw, basic extract was prepared by extraction of 95% alcohol. From this primary extract were prepared extracts with individual types of alkaloids by sequent procedue. In this diploma thesis only one extract was processed (extract type A-ether, pH 9 - 10). Alkaloids from this extract were separated into bases, where its chlorides are soluble and insoluble in chloroform. From each of above mentioned fractions phenolic and non-phenolic alkaloids has been obtained. In this work were separated alkaloids from extact AC1 (chlorides soluble in chloroform, non-phenolic. From this mixture was isolated thebaine by the using of column chromatogramy on alumina and preparative TLC on silica. This compound has been preliminary identified according to data of MS, melting point, optical rotary and by comparison with standard...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites. XIV. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase.
Suchánková, Petra ; Cahlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor)
Suchánková, P.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XIV. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 57 pages. Within the screening of plants containing alkaloids potentially inhibiting human erythrocytic AChE and human butyrylcholinesterase was studied poppy (Papaver somniferum L) It was used 30 kg of poppy straw, basic extract was prepared by extraction of 95% alcohol. From this primary extract were prepared extracts with individual types of alkaloids by sequent procedue. In this diploma thesis only one extract was processed (extract type A-ether, pH 9 - 10). Alkaloids from this extract were separated into bases, where its chlorides are soluble and insoluble in chloroform. From each of above mentioned fractions phenolic and non-phenolic alkaloids has been obtained. In this work were separated alkaloids from extact AC1 (chlorides soluble in chloroform, non-phenolic. From this mixture was isolated narcotine by the using of column chromatography on alumina and preparative TLC on silica. This compound has been preliminary identified according to data of MS, melting point, optical rotary and by comparison with standard...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites XII. Alkaloids of the family Corydalis DC. (Fumariaceae) and their biological activity
Salačová, Kateřina ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee) ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor)
Salacova K.: Biological activity of plant metabolites. XII. Alkaloids of genus Corydalis DC. (Fumariaceae) and their biological activities. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2009, 83 p. The literature search focused on isoquinoline alkaloids of the genus Corydalis was carried out. The summary offers information about the chemical structure of alkaloids and the species of Corydalis (or morphological parts of the mother plant) from which the alkaloids were isolated. The biological activity of alkaloids and extracts from plants of the genus Corydalis was also described. Some species of the genus Corydalis present antifungal effects (C. incisa, C. longipes, C. chaerophylla), cytotoxic effects (C. incisa), hepatoprotective effects (C. saxicola), antithrombic effects (C. koidzumiana, C. ambigua), sedative, hypnotic and spasmolytic effects (C. pseudoadunca), anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effect on allergic reactions (C. turtschaninovii f. yanhusuo), inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (C. bulbosa, C. turtschaninovii f. yanhusuo, C. cava, C. speciosa). Keywords: genus Corydalis, isoquinoline alkaloids, biological activity, acetylcholinesterase
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A poisoning in humans by vegetable products
Havlásková, Michaela ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee) ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor)
1. Abstract A poisoning in humans by vegetable products Michaela Havlásková Faculty of Pharmacy Charles University in Prague Abstract The thesis deals with human poisonings by substances of alkaloid and glycoside types contained in plants. The total of 184 cases was found, of which 171 related to alkaloids and 13 to glycosides. The cases were monitored worldwide in the period of 2001 - 2009. They included both intoxications with the intention of murder or suicide, and without any intention occurred due to negligence or ignorance or poisonings for the purpose of misuse of a plant. Alkaloids and glycosides were divided to individual groups. The highest number of poisonings in the field of alkaloids occurred at the group of tropane alkaloids with the total number of 98 cases, of which 50 were caused by Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna L.), 21 by Jimson weed (Datura L.), 23 by Black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) and 1 by Belladona (Scopolia L.). Individual cases provide information on the sex and age of a patient, symptoms and treatment. The highest number of cases of intoxication by glycosides was detected with cardio-active glycosides with the total number of 7 cases, of which 4 were caused by Oleander (Nerium oleander L.), 2 by Yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia L.) and 1 by Foxglove (Digitalis lanata...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites XI. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg & Körte (Fumariaceae) and their influence on acetylcholinesterase
Sekula, Marek ; Cahlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor)
Sekula, M.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XI.; Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and their activity on acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2009, 61 p. Within the screening of plants that contains alkaloids inhibiting the aktivity of the human erythtocytic acetylcholinesterase and human serum butyrylcholinesterase Turkey Corn (Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte, Fumariaceae) was studied. 11,3 kg of the dry roots served for the isolation of alkaloids. Extrakt "B-chloroform" wich contain mixture of terciary alkaloids bad diethylether-insoluble were obtained from the purified ethanolic extract. The task was to separate mixture of alkaloids from extrakt "B-chloroform". Using both column and thin layer chromatography sinoacutine as a base was isolated. The identity of the isolated alkaloid as determined by means of comparing its physico-chemical characteristics with the published data. The isolated sinoacutine inhibited the human erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase and human serum butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 for AChE (1,510 × 10-3 M) and with IC50 for BuChE (1,806 × 10-3 M). Comparing its biological aktivity with that of...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites X. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg & Körte (Fumariaceae) and their influence on acetylcholinesterase
Průša, Jan ; Cahlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor)
Průša, J.: Biological aktivity of plant metabolites XI.;Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and their activity on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2009, 52 pages. Within the screening of plants that contains alkaloids inhibiting activity of the human erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte, (Fumariaceae) was studied. 11,8kg of the roots served for the isolation of alkaloids. Mixtures of various structurally types of isochinolic alkaloids were obtained from the purified ethanolic extrakt. My task was to separate alkaloids of the B extract in chloroform (68,6 g). Using both column chromatography and crystallization 8-trichloromethyl-7,8-dihydropalmatin was isolated. The 8-trichloromethyl-7,8-dihydropalmatin is an artefact of palmatin rising during extraction by chlorinated solvents (with help of 1 H-NMR, ESI-MS and comparing its physico- chemical characteristics with the published data). The isolated compound inhibited the human erythrotic acetylcholinesterase with IC50 = 0,08292 mM and butyrylcholinesterase IC50 > 0,745 mM. Comparing its biological activity with the standard of...
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Biological activity of macromycetes - B
Dočkalová, Jana ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Dočkalová, J. Biological activity of macromycetes - B. Diploma thesis 2010, Charles University of Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové, 105 s. Keywords: fungi, Agaricales, content substances, antioxidant activity, DPPH Fourteen taxons of macromycetes from order Agaricales (family Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Bolbitiaceae, Coprinaceae, Cortinariaceae, Entolomataceae, Hygrophoraceae, Lycoperdaceae and Tricholomataceae) were studied within this diploma thesis. 14 lyophilized extracts were prepared under the standard conditions from fruiting bodies of the mushrooms. These extracts were evaluated for the content of different groups of substances by the thin-layer chromatography (TLC), which was carried out in the chromatographic chambers by the linear development. Amino- acids, saccharides, carboxylic acids, phenolic substances, sterols, steroids and triterpens were recorded in all taxons. This was in accordance to the previously published outcomes. All taxons except Cortinarius traganus and Oudemansiella mucida performed positive detection on alkaloids. Species Amanita crocea, Bolbitius vitellinus, Cystoderma terrei, Psathyrella multipedata, Tricholoma album, Tricholomopsis decora and Cortinarius traganus had a positive reaction on detection of phenols and amines. Screening of an antioxidant...
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