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Monitoring of water and sediment contamination
Grajciariková, Eva ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of the presence of POPs in the surface water and sediments. Monitored compounds were chosen from the group of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). Samples were collected in selected localities in the Slovak and the Czech Republic. Selected analytes were extracted with hexane from the aqueous matrix. Analytes were isolated by the ultrasonic extraction using a solvent mixture of hexane-dichlormethane from the solid matrix and the resulting extract was cleaned up by the column chromatography filled with the florisil and the silica gel. Target compounds were analysed by GC/ECD finally. Obtained results show the level of contamination in selected localities in the Slovak and the Czech Republic.
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Analysis of saccharides and markers of wood combustion in atmospheric aerosols
Kubátková, Nela ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Mikuška,, Pavel (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with the analysis of saccharides and markers of biomass and wood combustion in atmospheric aerosol, PM2,5. Theoretic part is focused on general characterisation of atmospheric aerosols and on the properties, sources and analysis methods of selected analysed organic compounds. The experimental part is focused on the optimization of method for simultaneous analysis of saccharides and tracers from biomass and wood combustion. Optimization of method includes selection of solvent for the extraction of compounds and optimization of derivatization process and GC/MS analysis. The optimized method was then applied for the analysis of selected compounds in real aerosol samples in the size fraction PM2.5. The concentrations of analysed compounds were compared in term of sampling seasons.
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Passive sampling of polar organic pollutants from water
Vítková, Libuše ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the passive sampling of polar compounds from water using passive samplers POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler). These devices were exposed for 4 weeks in the waste water at the inflow of municipal waste water treatment plant in Brno – Modřice, and also at the outflow of the treated water. After exposition sequestered compounds were released by extraction with a mixture of methanol, toluene and dichlormethane. Extracts were analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Further, methylated and trimethylsilylated extracts were analysed by orthogonal comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Separated compounds were identified on the base of their retention and mass spectra.
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Determination of musk compounds in biotic matrices
Soukupová, Alena ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with actual issues of the contamination in the environment with synthetic fragrances. Musk compounds are infiltrated to many environmental components (especially an aquatic ecosystem) because of their biological persistence and the ability of accumulation. This diploma thesis is focused on the selection and the optimization of method for the determination of musk compounds in real biotic matrices (fish). The isolation of analytes was realized by PSE method and the purification of extract was realized by the method of the adsorption column chromatography. Identification and quantification of individual musk compounds was carried out by GC-MS. In conclusion were results and the contamination of fish from the river Svratka disscissed and evaluated. These fish were caught at the inflow and at the outflow of the wastewater treatment plant.
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Assessment of drugs in settlings with waste water treatment
Hájek, Radek ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on asessment of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plant sludge. Two macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin and clarithromycin) and three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac) were assessed. Sample of sludge was taken in municipal wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice. Analytes were obtained using pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) or ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE). Clean-up was performed by solid phase extraction (SPE). Ultra high performance liquid chromatography followed by UV-VIS diode array detection was used for quantitative determination of the analytes.
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Substituted polyaromatic compounds in environmental components
Kubalík, David ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is focused on substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental compartments. The thesis examined the development of these compounds and their entry into the ecosystem. Due to their proven negative characteristics to be addressed also their toxicology. The next section discusses the appropriate methods, including sampling, sample preparation and final determination. The conclusion of this work forms draft standard operating procedure for their determination.
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Influence of polymers to reduce dust
Šubrt, Michal ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The main issue this bachelor thesis deals with the reduction of emit into the enviroment. A specific type of polymer compound from Canadian provenance will be tested for this purpose. The aim of this work will be the identification of positive characteristics of the polymer, and determine to the appropriate method of application. The above mentioned reduction of dust, stabilization of areas after application, possibly reduction of its permeability and increase of its maximum dry density will also by measured.
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Quantification of selected pollutants in waste waters
Maidlová, Kateřina ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The focus of this thesis is to detect the basic indicators of waste waters released from waste watter treatment plants. The following parameters were discovered: biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved solids, inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH these result led to a conclusion whether the specimens meet the legislative requirements for releasing the treated waste waters into the surface waters.
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Question of new halogen containing compounds in environment
Roček, Richard ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The target of my bachelor´s thesis is fabrication of literary recherche on theme brominated flame retardants. Into this group belong primarily polybrominated diphenyl ethers and compound hexabromocyclododecane. These compounds belong to perzistent organic polutants, whose production grew to the late time. Nowadays there are occur in almost all part sof environment. For their determination is using liquid and gas chromatography methods connected with mass spectrometry detection.
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Question of perfluorinated compounds in environmental compartments
Šima, Aleš ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The target of this bachelor work is processing of literature searche on the topic: Question of perfluorinated compounds in environmental compartments. The most important substances of the group of perfluorinated compounds are perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Perfluorinated compounds have special physical and chemical properties, which make them valuable for usage in different industrial branches. These properties, which make them so useful are also the reason, why they are so harmful for the environment. The perfluoroalkyl chain is not affected by photolysis, hydrolysis or biodegradation. PFOS and PFOA are very persistent in the environment. The presence of the PFOS have been detected in liver, blood, muscle, kidney or brain of many animal species including the invertebrates over fish, amphibians, birds, mammals up to human being all over the world. An alarming fact is, that the high concentrations of PFOS have been found in arctic animals tissues far away from anthropogenic sources. Improved analytical techniques enabled scientists to take interest in perfluorinated compounds in more detail, which led to the identification of quite a number of these compounds. Nowadays there is an endeavour to eliminate the application of perfluorinated chemicals and replace them gradually by other compounds, which are better degradable and do not affect the environment.
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